Contextual Anaylsis free essay sample

Generalizations are a major issue in our general public. Most generalizations will in general pass on negative impressions towards a specific ethnic gathering. Besides, individuals will in general appointed authority a gathering dependent on their suspicions or encounters. It can likewise cause a misguided judgment of how individuals are and how they live in different societies, religions and nations. Regarding the matter of this, in the movie Smoke Signals coordinated by Sherman Alexie two Native American men making an excursion out of their booking to accumulate the effects and cinders of one of their father’s stuff. Toward the finish of this film depicts the idea of Native Americans generalizations and furthermore conditions individuals into trusting Native Americans are consistently furious and dumb. Smoke Signals adequately uncovered the non-local crowd to Native American points of view and educational encounters through regular daily existence. Similarly, Chimamanda Adiche passes on generalizing individuals make in her story, â€Å"The Danger of the Single Story†, in which she utilizes her own accounts and encounters to show â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story†(Adichie) individuals will in general accept dependent on suspicions and deductions. In Adiche discourse, she passes on the thought Native Americans have been seriously generalized in the United States and afterward prompts bogus confusions. In this manner, Smoke Signals is a funny and significant film that challenges the â€Å"single story† of Native Americans as savages, drunkards, and uneducated. â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story†(Adichie) in a similar setting of Smoke Signals depicts â€Å"the Single Story†(Adichie) of Native Americans to be severe, brutal, and uninformed from another point of view of how Native Americans should act like. It can likewise be said Native Americans can be unrefined as a result of the manner in which they act openly or the manner in which they dress. As it were, Native Americans have been distorted for a considerable length of time. Through Adiche discourse, she clarifies her involvement with accepting a â€Å"Single Story†(Adichie) about Mexico. The â€Å"Single Story†(Adichie) about Mexico is individuals sneaking over the guest and being captured at the fringe was what everybody had accepted Mexico resembled. Once Chimamanda Adiche had discovered all alone of how Mexico is truly similar to, she realized that Mexico resembles some other spot and not as what individuals had said. Concerning Smoke Signals, the two Native American characters Victor and Thomas stop at a service station since Victor is showing Thomas, who is a geeky local and has a grin as brilliant as the sun, about acting like a genuine Native. He tells Thomas in a solid voice â€Å"Keep apathetic. You gotta look mean or individuals wont regard you. You gotta resemble a warrior! † (Smoke Signals). Victor is attempting to ingrain Thomas to look and act mean or individuals won't regard you. From Victor’s selection of words, he attempts to appear to be unnerving or insinuating to get the individuals around him to be terrifying. While getting back on the transport, two other men sit down and don’t let them have their seats back, despite the fact that Thomas and Victor act extreme and go to bat for what’s right. Notwithstanding not getting their seats back and going to bat for themselves, Native Americans are not savages or rough. They attempted to act extreme however they were defending what they accepted is unfair doing and they are not reluctant to confront any difficulties or threat. By that they are supposed to be savages or graceless in light of the fact that they don’t follow as plan or conflict with something that they accept is correct simply like what had occur in the scene on the transport, where they attempted to get their seats back. All above Smoke Signals, strengthens the â€Å"Signal Story†(Adichie) of how Native Americans are savages and furious by like by utilizing the characters to show everybody how a genuine Native ought to resemble, for example, conflicting with somebody however they simply voice out their conclusions. Numerous individuals will in general see that every single Native American are drunkards since we drink liquor and experience issues with the utilization liquor. This is basically false, not every single Native American are drunkards, we are largely extraordinary and not the equivalent. Most Native Americans don’t even drink or depend on liquor as a result of their issues. Additionally, in Adichie story she had clarified her flat mate had a â€Å"Single Story†(Adichie) of her being into ancestral music and not having the option to communicate in English. The â€Å"Single Story†(Adichie) of Africans is the manner by which they ought to resemble, found in motion pictures, for example, poor and uneducated,â€Å"A Single Story of Catastrophe†(Adichie) however Adiche is completely taught and talks well English. Her flat mate had generalized Adichie to be the manner in which she figured African Americans ought to be however Adichie had blown her method of how and who she truly is. Similarly, the film Smoke Signals shows generalizing a Native American dad managing liquor addiction which at that point prompts a useless family since he was the motivation behind why Thomas’s family had kicked the bucket in the fire and for that he feels remorseful and results to liquor for comfort. Thomas’s family is wrecked on the grounds that he’s father left them to get away from the real world and to likewise go to Phoenix where he at that point additionally carries on his liquor issues to another family, which annihilates the family separated too. Another generalization in the film Smoke Signals (Alexie) is when Victor is conversing with a cop and says â€Å"I dont drink, never had a drop of liquor in my life, not a drop† and afterward the official says, â€Å"What sort of Indian right? † The official had accepted Victor was additionally a heavy drinker as a result of his dad who was a drunkard. Based off this scene in the film, the â€Å"Single Story† the official had about Victor a Native American is that he was a heavy drinker simply like his father. To close, the â€Å"Single Story†(Adichie) of Native Americans, individuals believe that they are heavy drinkers and depend on liquor for their issues yet as a general rule Native American have a little resistance for liquor and are inebriated on limited quantities that impacts Americans thinking we are drunkards. At the end of the day, the utilization of the liquor addiction through the film Smoke Signals sees â€Å"The Single Story†(Adiche) by Native Americans are heavy drinkers. In the long run, the association between Smoke Signals (Alexie) and â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story† (Adichie) is that more often than not we as a whole observe individuals unique and afterward base our suppositions off of that and to finish up our conclusive outcome. It is said Native Americans are not fit for finishing school or teaching themselves but rather this is false several Native American understudies move on from secondary schools and colleges consistently. Most Native Americans are taught at the optional school level and a significant number of them get advanced education degrees at the best colleges in the United States turning out to be specialists, legal advisors and even school teachers. Regarding the matter of instruction, in Smoke Signals generalizations the two principle characters being uneducated in light of the fact that they don't have a vocation, despite everything living with their families and barely have any cash to make it to Phoenix, Arizona. One piece of the film shows Native Americans as uneducated and dumb is when Victor shouts at Thomas â€Å"You don’t know anything. †(Smoke Signals). In the statement, Victor is attempting to reveal to Thomas about he’s involvement in his dad to him yet Victor shouts at him, letting him know he’s inept and he should simply be very. This piece of the film describes Native Americans being stupid and unknowledgeable. Indistinguishably, in Adichie discourse relates by discussing her experience living at a college with her flat mate who had additionally had a â€Å"Single Story† of African Americans being uneducated, not ready to bit well English, and incapable to utilize basic family unit oven however Chimamanda had refuted her. Chimamanda had spoken well English and was into today’s mainstream society music, she was an ordinary individual. Her flat mate had speculated her off-base about being an African American who was into innate music and into her underlying foundations. All the more critically, â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story† and the film Smoke Signals both depicts that numerous individuals have the misguided judgment of certain ethic bunches being a sure path in light of how todays society shows ethic bunches in motion pictures that indoctrinates individuals to intuition along these lines. It very well may be consider, that Native American generalizations can prompt motivation, for example, a mascot in sports and design in attire. Individuals believe that Native Americans feel regarded to have their way of life showed out in the open yet no this is all off-base. Local Americans feel annoyed and embarrassed. Individuals who are not even Native Americans are wearing Native American culture on themselves and is being slighting and disrespecting. Envision, a Native American wearing a cassock since he thinks it’s cool to wear and it’s in today’s style. Consider how a cleric would feel about somebody affronting he’s clothing and it would be upsetting and inconsiderate. Once more, Native Americans are mascots for game, for example, Cleveland Braves in baseball. Individuals generalization that Native American to be wild and relentless, so they utilize the essence of a Native American as a mascot to show the rival group they are savage and may so they can dominate the match. Further, the generalizing impacts other ethnic gatherings to likewise be generalization as a mascot or utilize their way of life plans in style. Generally speaking, generalizing results to brutality and scorn against a gathering of individuals. The generalizing and victimization Native Americans is the longest held prejudice in the United States that angles Smoke Signals can be a misdirecting movie of how Native Americans can resemble. In any case, each story’s clashes are brought about by the equivalent hidden issues and ideas. It is predicted that the â€Å"Sin

Ricky Schiano 9/9/14 Essays - National Audubon Society, Bird

Ricky Schiano 9/9/14 Mrs. C. Kenny Honors Biology Environmental Change Disrupts North America Bird Species FELICITY BARRINGER On Monday September 8 th , four understudies from the National Audubon Society found that environmental change in North America could in the long run drive certain types of feathered creatures to annihilation. The understudies recorded that around the year 2050 , 21.4% of flying creature sp ecies will lose the greater part of their present populace, and by 2080 an extra 32% of fowls will be in a similar circumstance. A changing atmosphere may not appear quite a bit of an issue, for what reason can't the winged animals simply relocate? Well numerous winged creatures will, however then there will be a few sorts that won't have the option to because of the condition that was important to their endurance. Flying creatures like the yellow-charged jaybird in depend on the scour oak natural surroundings in California. While the feathered creatures can take off, the trees can't, which keeps them away from relocation. This article is related with out course since it has to do with environments and life forms. Since the flying creatures' environment is transforming, they will either need to move and repopulate, or remain and in the end cease to exist.

Its 2015!

It’s 2015! I’m in my Uncle’s home in Virginia, typing the word ‘word’. And now ‘now’. And at this moment, ‘moment’. My throat predicted that truly awful joke well in advance, and is currently staging a protest in form of a soreness that has persisted over the last two hours. My room is a mess of files. One of them contains a lot of documents that I definitely wouldn’t wanna loseâ€"my I-20 form, I-94 form, a lot of I-something forms, so many forms, a passport and a picture of my family that’s at least two years old. I have one book to my leftâ€"Stephen King’s Four Past Midnightâ€"which I was finally able to read over the past week, and propped on my legs is Robert Galbraith’s novel, The Cuckoo’s Calling. Robert is of course J.K. Rowling, and the magic of her stories is still evident. Reading novels during the semester can be hard. Early into the semester, I made a resolution to start reading a novel, a resolution that lasted just about until the night before my next pset was due. Weirdly enough, it’s been easier getting myself to write a novel than read one. Which brings me to the next file splayed beside me, a blueprint of sorts of the next book I’m working on. There are several pages like that, all stapled togetherâ€"a kaleidoscope of half-bright insights and character revelations and important plot-points and the occasional talented 3D rendition of Batman, of which I have several spanning the last several months.. The above rendition was originally drawn for the awesome Aquil Fannis.   But I decided to take a break from everything, what with 2015 finally in the horizon, and delve a little into the past. Precisely a year ago, I wrote a blog about 2014  and had a list of resolutions. Oh man, this should suck, but let’s see the resolutions from last year…and um, see how many of them I actually kept. Write more stories. Yup! I definitely kept that. Explore more of Boston with my roommate. I suppose that happened in the first half of 2014, but the second half found me living in a single, and not frolicking about Boston, but just within the acre of class-dorm-frat existence that formed my Sophomore Fall MIT bubble. Damn you, foresight-deprived Vincent of 2014. Know the people in my dorm better. I did most of my psets this past semester in the Destiny Lounge of Random Hall, an abode for discussions that ranged in sophistication. Sometimes, we spoke with all the genius afforded to Youtube’s most cringeworthy comments. At other times, we were sophisticated Uptight-British-Gentleman-type shades of enlightened. Most times, we just talked about work and did work and watched a truly unholy amount of Netflix. But we were better off for doing it together, and I definitely got to know them better. Start p-sets earlier. Yay! This actually happened. Well, except for that one 18.03 p-set one of my buds Jerome File and I started the night before, and paid dearly for. But mostly, I was on top of my problem sets. There was a funny incident, where one of the psets had been mislabeled, so that instead of Pset 4, it read Pest 4. I imagine many MIT students see no distinction. Make new friends in MIT. This did happen, although I was more of a passive bystander in the process. I had 6.01 labs on a weekly basis, where we had partners every week, and one of my design lab partners is now one of my closest friends in MIT. And in labs, recitations, school events, there was always a potential new friend. It helps that practically everyone here is awesome. Eat better. Well I ate most of my meals either at Alpha Delta Phi or at the Maseeh Dining Hall. There was definitely more coleslaw on my tray, next to the globs of heart-attack shaped like chicken and bacon, so…yay? Stay organized. Heh. One week, my room is the victim of a tornado. The next, it’s ready to welcome the Queen of England. Well, probably not, but I think if she saw my room in those fortunate times, she would say, “Close Enough.” Hang out with certain people more often. I think I had a certain person in mind when I wrote this, but one year is a lot of time to hold on to the hope that certain friendships and relationships stay the same. It wasn’t quite the case. But a lot of good friendships stayed the same and got better this year. For instance, awkward freshman Vincent met awkward freshman James Deng 1.5 years ago. Today, that adorable jerk is still my awesome bud. Hit the gym three times a week, starting Monday. -_- -___- No comment. Resolutions for 2015 2014 was a charged year for the world. It was the year of ISIS and Bring Back Our Girls and The Ebola Outbreak. It was a year of racial tensions and deaths at the hand of Boko Haram. And so I’d like 2015 to be about something different. There’s a degree of arbitrariness to the numbers that demarcate and discretize the yearsâ€"2013 from 2014 from 2015 and so onâ€"whereas events, good and bad, intense and ordinary, happen in a continuum, independent of those numbers. Thus, it seems a little unreasonable to impose certain wishes on this year, as if the transition from the previous year to this one tapers off all the bad things and welcomes in all the good things. Obviously not, but there are a lot of things that are in our power. A lot of things that hinge on our determination, our motivation, and if a new number can fill usâ€"albeit and typically temporarilyâ€"with a renewed sense of goodness, then I welcome it with open arms. For me, 2014 had its great momentsâ€"I landed a summer internship with Google, got two A+’s in classes I had struggled all semester with, made new friends, laughed a lot, wrote a lotâ€"and its not-so-great moments. In fact, on a scale larger than myself, it felt like a year of bad news after bad news, each flying at our faces in a single unending line. Id like to think that leaves a lot of happiness in lifes knapsack for 2015. And so my resolution for this year is simply this: feel happy, feel fulfilled. Certain? No. Likely? Who knows. Hopeful? Yes. I think the world needs more hope. What’s your resolution?

What the Soldiers Creed Means to Me - 798 Words

There are many sections to the soldiers creed which all influence my life, both the way I live and the way I think. All soldiers whether old or new, should try their hardest to abide and live by the soldier’s creed. The soldier’s creed has taught me many things that make me who I am today. I am an American soldier, To me, that means I have the right to say this anywhere and everywhere I go. As an American I have Freedom of speech, religion, and pursuit of happiness. As a soldier I defend these rights. I am a warrior and a member of a team, I will fight and give my life for my country, and as a member of a team I know I will never be alone. I serve the people of the United States, and live the army values When I recite this†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"I am disciplined, physically, and mentally tough, trained and proficient in my warrior tasks and drills.† This line means to me that I have physical and mental discipline as a soldier. My body will n ot hold me back from anything nor my mind. I will not ever break down mentally or physically. â€Å"I always maintain my arms, my equipment, and myself.† Part of being a soldier is being ready to fight tonight, thus always maintaining everything you own including your body. You can’t be ready to fight if your weapon is dirty or you’re out of shape, you will fail your mission and let your comrades down. â€Å"I am an expert and a professional, I stand ready to deploy, engage, and destroy the enemies of the Untied States of America in close combat,† One of the most important lines in the whole creed. It defines what a soldier is. As an expert we know everything we need to know about our job and more, as a professional, we do it better than anyone one else. When I graduated from basic training my mom herd us recite the soldiers creed and when she greeted me at the end, she asked me if I was ready to deploy, engage, and destroy the enemies of America, without hesitation I replied, â€Å"Of course, I have to keep you’ll safe don’t I?† Right there she knew I was where I was supposed to be, in the army. My favorite line of the Soldiers creed is â€Å"I am the guardian of freedom and theShow MoreRelatedCommunity Revealed1596 Words   |  7 Pagesjoined this community for this reason. This community focuses on the protection of the people and the constitution of the United States of America. The qualities of this group are defined by loyalty, courage and so forth. Everyone knows when they see soldier in a uniform they are a part of the military. This is because the military is a socially accepted group that has a distinct way to identify its members. Another way to distinguish a member is ideology. Read MoreResponsibility in the Army1329 Words   |  6 PagesAccountability is also a very important part of being in the army and it goes hand in hand with responsibility. I failed to maintain accountability of my weapon while at Yakima Training Center. This was not an example of being a responsible soldier. This essay will explain what happened and why I think responsibilty is so important in the US Army. I had set my weapon down in the tool room so that I can go grab a couple of things from one of the tricons. When I did this, I had lost visual contact of myRead MoreThe Creed of the Non Commissioned Officer Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Creed of the Noncommissioned Officer is, to some, just words that must be uttered during ceremonies and those times when new sergeants earn their stripes. To others, there is no higher thought. These Soldiers live their time while in uniform trying their best to uphold everything written in those three paragraphs. Some choose what those words mean; others make little effort in deciding but let others decide for them. When I entered the service of my country 6 years ago, I had no clue that suchRead MoreLegacy Leaders â€Å"Leader Of Influence† – Msg Smith. The Purpose1127 Words   |  5 Pagespositive influence from. For this paper, I have chosen a leader who left a significant negative impact on me, thus providing for me examp les of what not to be as a leader. It was at Fort Bragg, North Carolina that I came face to face with one of the worst examples of leadership and negative role models I have encountered in my 14+ year Army career. The impact and impressions that MSG Smith left on me have been burned in my memory ever since. I was shown an example of how not to conduct myself when inRead MoreAlways Maintain Good Military Appearance1561 Words   |  7 PagesThe NCO’s Creed first states that â€Å"no one is more professional than I†, so I am sure that means more than just appearance. It is a statement that includes mannerism, attitude, professionalism etc. It also says that NCOs are the backbone of the Army, which will also tell you that we serve a critical role. Even though I respect the entire creed, the statement that most stands out to me is† All soldiers are entitled to outstanding leadership; I will provide that leadership. I know my soldiers and I willRead MoreRole of a Nco1428 Words   |  6 Pagesdisagree with me about which definition is better. In the mind of CJ, anyone can be a sergeant. But, it takes a leader to be an NCO. The reason I say that is because there is a Creed for the Non-commissioned Officer. There is no Creed for the Sergeant. There is a sort of poem, but no creed. Our purpose as NCOs is simple and well-stated: â€Å"to accomplish the mission and the welfare of our soldiers.† Many of my peers seem to forget that second half. As NCOs, we are nobody without the soldiers underneathRead MoreUSMC Then Now and Forever742 Words   |  3 Pageshave always been first in last out ever since they were first established in 1775. The marines started out as a small force of only 343 soldiers trained to fight on land and in the water. Later on once flight was achieved the marines fought in the air as well. The marines fought for our freedom then and still do today. The marines were established to protect what our four fathers had given us as Americans. The marines’ history is rich and full of wonderful triumphs. History is good and all but marinesRead MoreEvaluation Of A Officer And Ranger Creed1547 Words   |  7 Pagesnot expect a junior NCO to be as proficient as one with years of duty. I will not tolerate the opposite. All NCOs must be prepared to step up at any time; this is the responsibility of the senior and subordinate. Read the Creed of the Non Commissioned Officer and Ranger Creed, they are very similar. I do expect you to live it. The level of authority and responsibility that our leaders give us will be based on our demonstrated competence and performance. 3. Most of these standards are generalRead MoreSoldier and Appearance Military Appearance Essay634 Words   |  3 Pagesmilitary appearance and why it is important. The NCO’s Creed first states that â€Å"no one is more professional than I†, so I am sure that means more than just appearance. It Premium 1553 Words 7 Pages Appearance Is a Very Important and Highly Regarded Concept in the Military. Appearance is a very important and highly regarded concept in the military. It is the staple of first impressions, the visual hand shake. A sergeant looks at his soldiers and judges their readiness for the day with how theyRead MoreNco Responsibility and Property Accountability1994 Words   |  8 Pagesthat help provide a foundation for the Army as a whole, The Non Commissioned Officers Creed which helps provide guidance and stability for all Non Commissioned Officers, and property accountability which is of great importance because as leaders we are responsible for a wide range of equipment as well as personnel. In closing we will discuss how personal actions and mistakes can influence an individual soldier and unit. The role of the Non Commissioned Officer is one of great importance. As a

The Most Recognizable And Beloved Person - 861 Words

Charles dickens famously stated â€Å"No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another.† (Passonquotes). This quote by one of the most recognizable and beloved person is very accurate. People have always had compassion for one another, its human nature. The humanist where some of the first people to really grasp this idea. Unlike the Puritans, The humanist believed people help other people to make the world a less harsh place than it is now. This topic is very controversial but the humanist stand out as the winning side. First off the fact of human nature, when people see a homeless person they usually help not expecting anything in return. Secondly is the fact that all humans want to be perfect and one of the ways to accomplish that is to help others. Finally the consideration of fellow human beings is embedded in one’s heart. People don’t help people because they seek rewards or fear being punished for not helping a fellow man. They help pe ople because deep in their heart they know it’s the right thing to do. Helping humans is human nature it is not implanted in us for the want of rewards. 2010 a massive earth quake hit Haiti. Many relief teams and a total of 15 billion dollars where sent to help the suffering population, and even another We Are the World song was made. When people sent this money in not expecting anything in return. Yet most people contributed to save the people of Haiti not because of their own self greed but the kindness if their heartsShow MoreRelatedMcdonald s Bar B Q Essay740 Words   |  3 PagesThere isn’t a person in the world who doesn’t know what McDonald’s is. You can’t drive more than ten miles without seeing one. It’s impossible to watch television, read a magazine, or browse the internet without hearing about McDonald’s. This beloved fast food chain is everywhere and it’s not going anywhere soon. The original idea of McDonald’s came to fruition in 1937, when a man named Patrick McDonald opened The Airdrome, which was a food stand, where he sold hamburgers for ten cents each. ThisRead MoreThe Apostle Of The Gospel And The Relationship Between Jews And Gentiles Essay821 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction/Thesis: â€Å"People have called the apostle Paul’s great epistle to the Romans â€Å"the most profound work in existence† (Samuel Coleridge).†1 Imagine the great challenge the Apostle Paul faced to preach the Gospel and the relationship between Jews and Gentiles. During the times that Romans was written, Rome was the epicenter of the ancient world and contained a myriad of subcultures. One of the more recognizable verses in Romans; â€Å"For I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is God’s power for salvationRead MoreBig Five Personality Factors1676 Words   |  7 Pagesdemeanors that make a person distinctive. A variety of diverse co ncepts have arose to describe different aspects of personality. Some ideas concentrate on clarifying how personality cultivates, while others are concerned with specific variances in personality. There are four main components of personality: consistency, psychological/physiological, behaviors/actions, and multiple expressions. Consistency is a large part of personality due to the fact that there is a generally recognizable order and regularityRead MoreDeath Of Innocence By Mamie Till- Mobley1496 Words   |  6 PagesEmmett was born breeched, and was going to endure multiple health complications in his short fourteen years. Emmett wanted to visit family in Mississippi although Mama and Mamie were very hesitant. They tried to educate Emmett the dangers of a black person in the South. Emmett was born in Chicago, and was not aware of the type of racism blacks endured in the South. 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Ethical Audit Report of Tesco Free Essays

1. 0 Introduction According to Mamoria (2010), business ethics is defined as the businessman’s integrity so far as his conduct or behaviour is concerned in all fields of business as well as towards the society and other businesses. Thus, the conduct or behaviour by businessman towards the society or others may have some conflicts and contradictions. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Audit Report of Tesco or any similar topic only for you Order Now The intention of this report is to highlight what and why the incidents happened. The incidents include the employment of illegal workers, price fixing, and poor product quality. All these incidents tend to spoil the corporate’ image of the company and also bring harmful effect to the communities and other stakeholders. So, Tesco took action by compensating to the victims, restructured corporate management system for better performances, and provided training programme and learning course for the employee. The ethical theories applicable to Tesco include Ethics of Justice, Ethics of Duty, and Feminist Ethics, which will also be discussed in this report. Related article: How Tesco Communicates With Customers In addition, the organization’s best practices and values such as corporate social responsibility and protecting the environment will also be discussed for the close up of this report. 1. 1 Background of Tesco Tesco, one of the largest retailers in the world started its business in 1919. The Founder, Jack Cohen started a grocery stall in East End of London. He made a profit of ? 1 from sales of ? 4 on his first day. After 5 years, in 1924. Mr. Cohen bought a shipment of tea from Mr. T. E. Stockwell where the â€Å"Tesco† brand first appearance. Tesco expanded its business to petrol station in 1974, and became the UK’s largest independent petrol retailer. It generated a total sales topped ? 1bn and doubled up to ? 2bn in 1982. In order to overtake the UK’s leading grocer in 1990, Tesco made an aggressive marketing campaign to open more stores to gain its businesses. In 2000, Tesco continued to expand its business by product range from clothes to electrical and personal finance products when Tesco. com was launched (www. telegraph. co. uk). For more detail on its corporate background, kindly refer to Appendix I. 2. 0 Ethical Dilemmas Ethics in general and ethics in business are very intimate to one another. Therefore one’s personal ethics cannot be completely separated from one’s business or organizational ethics. If you are a man of principles, then you are more inclined to insist on high moral standards in your business and organizations (Gavai, 2010). No matter how strong the corporate policy and system, ethical dilemmas still exist as everyone is looking for their own interest. Tesco, one of the biggest retailers in worldwide also faces the same problems such as illegal workers, price fixing and poor product quality. . 1 Illegal Workers Tesco was caught for hiring 30 illegal workers who were foreign students at one of its warehouses. These students were from 11 different nationalities; mostly Bangladeshi and Indian origins were alleged for working up to 3? times longer than their allowed working hour in visa permit (www. visabureau. com). They worked as much as 50 hours extra than the allowed ho urs of 20 hours per week. This incident happened after the UK border Agency enforcement team visited their factory on July 2012 in Croydon (www. immigrationmatters. co. uk). The retailer took responsibilities by giving corporation to the investigation as they insisted they did not condone illegal working (www. telegraph. co. uk). Anyhow, employees were considered the victims in this incident as they had not been protected by the company’s employment rules, where they were forced to work for extra hours. They faced big losses such as inability to further education and having a work-life balance. Employer did not protect for employee welfare, they abused employee right to work extra which prompted to product high productivity, maximize the profit margin by saving cost of employee salary. Supplier played a key role in this scenario, as it was the only party to transform information between the employers and the employee while in the process of recruitment. In fact, there was wrong information sending either to the employer or the employee. 2. 2 Price Fixing Tesco was accused in the scandal of the pricing fixing on its dairy products such as cheese and milk. The consumers from the Office of Fair Trading in UK reported that Tesco had charged them an additional of approximately ? 270M between years 2002-2003. The huge amount was accumulated from 3 pence extra for a pint of milk, 15 penny extra for each quarter-pound of butter and the same amount per half-pound of cheese for every single purchased together with another 8 firms were implicated in the collusion (www. dailymail. co. uk). They were caught by breaching the competition act in synchronising the increased price with other competitors for certain dairy products. However, Tesco’s competitors had admitted and OFT had been given discount on the fined amount as they had given cooperation in the investigation. When the corporations did not practice fair competition which comply with the competition law, consumers were the victims because they did not protect in fair trading. This is clearly a strong violation of consumers’ rights (www. savistamagazine. com). Shareholders in the corporations basically earned extra profits in this scenario. Whereas, this practices was not encouraged as they must obey the corporate law which was stated in the Corporate Governance. Government department plays a key role in this embarrass scenario; their intention was to protect the consumers. Their penalty towards the corporations sent a clear signal to them not to violate consumers’ rights. In fact, families in UK suffering big loss of expensed extra for the daily goods in unknowingly. They should be protected under the fair trading policy which ensured them to trade in worthiness. 2. 3 Poor Product Quality Tesco also received a punishment from the Bracknell Magistrate Court for selling 127 outdated foods in the Martins Heron branch on May 2011. The foods included beef-burgers, ham and chocolate cheesecake. This incident happened when a girl fell sick after consuming chargrilled chicken pasta salad. This prompted Bracknell Forest Trading Standards officers to investigate the matter after receiving the complaint. The officers found that the foods had expired for 16 days during a visit to the store (www. getreading. co. uk). Trading Standards officers commented this matter as the â€Å"worst case of out-of- date product† that they had ever seen (www. mirror. co. uk). The irresponsible behavior acted by the management of Tesco was strongly affected to the public health. It also brought suffer to the consumers from physically and mentality. The shareholders were also facing lost when the management was careless in managing the stocks. Besides the above, Tesco was discovered for selling 100 expired food products which included yoghurts, fruit smoothies, soup, gravy, vegetable pakoras, packaged salad, pasta bowls, samosa and bhaji snack packs and guacomole dip. These items were past their sell-by-dated of between 1 to 17 days. The occurrence was engaged by a manager who had 20 years experience but his first time to manage the largest store chain, Tesco Extra. Shoppers had complaint about the poor problems to the Coventry City Council and the trading standards officers had proven the issues after their raids at the branch in Gielgud Way, Walsgrave in November 2009 (www. oventrytelegraph. net) 3. 0 Actions taken to solve these dilemmas According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, dilemmas are situations or problems where a person has to make a difficult choice; an ethical dilemma is a problem where a person has to choose between a moral and an immoral act (smallbusiness. chron. com). Dilemma occurrences in the workpla ce are common and action taken to solve them is very important, whereas theory of ethics can be applied as guidelines which may bring the moral decision. 3. 1 Reinforce in recruitment and management system Tesco was fined for a total of ? 15,000 by UK Border Agency (UKBA) for 23 students, of various nationalities who had breached the visa working terms (www. telegraph. co. uk). UKBA was reflecting UK government’s intention into act which has promised to overwhelm on visa abuse. The 23 individuals were not permitted to enter UK again (www. visabureau. com). The Britain’s biggest supermarket had ensured that the incident in this nature will never happen again. One of the executive had been laid off after the lacklustre performance (www. telegraph. co. uk). Tesco was a founder member of Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI). They searched employee with high standard by applying the ETI base code which included; no exploitation of child labour, working hours not exceeding (20 hours per week for foreign workers) and regular employment is provided (www. tesco. ie). However, the government had carried out a good job by taking serious action against any employers who had breached the visa working terms. After the fined it brought a â€Å"warning† to the competitors and simultaneously as a reminder to them to have good ethical practice while in competition. Nobody is allowed to breach the rules in order to obtain success in competition. In addition, after UKBA taken action against the employer, the rest employees will enjoy the benefits which to work in regularly, fair treated, feel protected and concerned by the government. Employer was ensured that the management system been improved after laid off an employee who made mistake. Employer was informed to put employee’s welfares as priority. 3. 2 Defending the rights Tesco was slapped with the fined of ? 10m for price-fixing of its dairy products by the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) in 2011 after seven years of investigation. However, they threatened to fight back by taking legal action against OFT to defend themselves. The company claimed they were â€Å"surprised and dismayed† with the fined and strongly denied with any collusion in changing pricing detail with each other via the dairy processors. Tesco stand at its point vigorously and throughout the court. However, it had urged the government to deprive OFT of its power to investigate and punish firms under the competition act (www. mirror. co. uk). The intention of OFT was to alert the industries that the competition laws was enforced in ensuring the shopper in a fair trade condition. Hence, after the punishments were sent, it was ensure that the competition was maintained under the competition laws. Furthermore, competitors were only able to divulge information to each other via dairy suppliers. Suppliers were also not been honest in this incident. Suppliers did not bear responsibility of providing high quality products with reasonable prices where the consumers are able enjoy the benefits. Thus, suppliers being fined by the OFT were considered reasonable. No matter how the employer wanted to fight back with OFT, they had to pay the fine and settled it in the fastest way where to stop any embarrassing matters to affect their sales figure. At the same time, the costly and time consuming case might affect the expense of both taxpayer and business as well. So the fine paid has benefitted the consumers which bring fairness of their trading. 3. 3 Compensations After Tesco had admitted selling of outdated food, it was fined by the Bracknell Magistate Court for ? 12,000, and ? 15,000 in legal fees and a ? 15 victim surcharge. The Charges were related to 88 types of food which were put on shelves for sales. Tesco had to bear for the penalty as they knew that selling of out-date-food brought harm to the public health (www. tutorcare. o. uk). In order not to repeat their mistake, they were reinforced through staff training at the Bracknell store to ensure all the processes undergone strict quality control and the procedures were complied. Customers are the cause and purpose of every business. A business is supposed to serve them satisfactorily (Gavai, 2010). According to Tesco Corporate responsibility, they were running local s upplier programme for the purpose of getting fresh and quality products. Therefore, the company had to enforce the programme to ensure it was running smoothly and the supplier complied with it. Employers had to bear the responsibility for the incident where there was serious problem in the management. The accused significantly spoiled the corporate image and reputation which cause the sales figure to drop. However, the employers had made a right decision for admitting the mistake and paid compensation. It significantly showed that Tesco was applying the Ethics of Justice. According to Plato (2010), justice is an order and a beauty of the parts of a whole. Justice is effective coordination. It is an effective harmony of the whole. Ethics of justice can be defined as what is right and what is wrong in clear and precision. It was related to the notion of fairness. When a person is been treated unequally or deprived from what he deserved, then he was treated with injustice. Tesco realized that treating someone injustice was an immoral action, so they pledged guilty and paid fined which tend to bring fairness to the consumers as to determine this action on the criterion of rightness, which is one of the concepts in Ethics of Justice as well. Furthermore, Tesco was fined for ? 33,400 for 43 charges of selling 100 out-of-date foods at a hearing in Coventry Magistrates Court and a further of 94 charges after considering their sentenced. However, some shareholders of Tesco were present in court to show their seriousness of this matter and their concern on the case. They pledged guilty on the charges and their managers were laid off and two other employees were being disciplined (www. lacors. gov. uk). Employees had th e responsibility to carry out their job by following the corporate system. Some of the mistakes were not being tolerated and it has brought harm to the public health. The Coventry council was pleased with the results as the sentenced brought a warning to other competitors in the same industry that the government had stand at their point for the communities was appreciated. 4. 0 Best Practices and Values According to Donald, White and Bedner (2010), value is a concept of the desirable, an internalized criterion or standard of evaluation a person possesses. Such concepts and standards are relatively few and determine or guide an individual’s evaluation of many objects encountered in everyday life. Values are tinged with moral flavour involving an individual’s judgement of what is good, right or desirable. Tesco has practiced several communities’ works as a return to the society and tried to deliver values to them. Corporate social responsibility is in the interest of business because, by contributing to social change, it can create a better environment for its own transactions, thereby developing business while being socially responsibly (Rendtorff and Dahl, 2009). 4. 1 Communities Works Tesco plays a vital role in the local communities by supporting them actively without preconditions. They wanted to have a good relationship with the communities in which they operated. The fundamental condition that Tesco can provide to the communities is providing good quality, affordable foods and goods, and offering job to the unemployment. Besides that, they are listening and responding to the local communities for their needs and values, carrying out the issues that matter to them positively, and improve the local area by providing lasting contributions. They regularly set up a new store in the area where the retailers or businesses had been neglected. Tesco also launched a Regeneration Partnership Programs in UK where Tesco was proud as this prompted to providing job opportunities to the long term unemployment. In May 2012, they had their first launched store under the regeneration program in Hungary at Debrecen. Hiring 100 unemployed and providing 42 with courses organized by Regional Labour Centre helped them to readjust in their routine of daily work. Tesco also gathered the local communities in a centre point for them to interact. In Turkey, Tesco Kipa Family Club offered Cooking class, Dancing class, chess and learning English Class to their 60,000 members. In addition, Tesco had over 100 schools of Extended Class in South Korea to let the customers and families to attend Arts and English Class. Presently, Tesco had over 750 communities champion working into the communities which communicated with the communities effectively. They were organizing activities such as Healthy Eating to the primary school and local school children, charity event by collection or bag packing, and also asking the staff and customers to join the events like Race for Life (www. tescoplc. com). Without doubt, values to the communities such as responsibility, accountability, concern and unity had contributed absolutely by Tesco. â€Å"Value† so understood is a very broad category. It includes all sorts of things, from personal desire like health or a sense of humor to social ideals like wealth or liberty (Weston, 2010). They are responsible to the communities by giving them quality product in affordable prices. In addition, they were giving values of accountability by organizing learning class for the communities to gain their knowledge and interests. Tesco is also concerned about the communities of the unemployment, giving priority to the unemployed for job opportunities which also gave them better future and better life. Unity of the communities is very important in local area, Tesco provided a platform for the communities to communicate, interact and work together. They looked forward that every business and store were valued by the communities as they were trying hard to give interest to the communities. Tesco contributed a lot of times and fund to the community works. This demonstrates the application of Ethics of Duty. According to Kant (2010), a duty is obligatory and one has to do his duty regardless of any situation. Most of the time duty implies an action that one is expected to do as a part of society which may be neither for self-satisfaction nor for immediate happiness. Tesco knew what their prime duty to the communities was. Having a good thought is not enough but must in action. An action with potential concern showed their responsibility to the communities. 4. 2 Protecting Environment Protecting the environment is one of the important missions set by Tesco. The only way to deal with it was reducing the impact on the environment, including water and energy usage. All the suppliers have to follow the program with Tesco by reducing carbon footprint on the product and manage the water usage in all the store chain. The mission to be achieved is to become a zero-carbon business by 2050. Achieving a mission is not only in planning but practice. Tesco has converted over 100 stores to natural refrigeration across the corporate. The project in Kenya for the Lake Naivasha water stewardship helped to reduce water pollution and raised the water levels, replace transportation from lorries to rail transport which saved 15,000 tonnes of CO2e per year. Tesco had also collaborated with Unilever to create awareness amongst customers of sustainable product choices; more than 10,000 customers were advised to reduce their water footprint in Turkey. Tesco practiced by reducing in packaging and minimizing waste in their dairy operation which helped to reduce the impact on the environment. Reducing waste was the priority plan for Tesco. They used a market-leading store ordering system which helped to predict what each store chain will sell, this minimized waste of food accurately before it reached their customers. The programmes of minimizing the store’s operational waste started running since 2009 throughout the world’s store chain. They did not send any wastage from the UK store to the landfill. If the wasted were unable to recycle then it will be converted into other sources of energy. In China, cardboard and wasted oil in the stores had been fully recycled. In Poland, in order to increase the rate of recycling, they have conducted an audit of waste segregation in stores. In Malaysia, they encouraged the employees to recycle by launching a weekly league table to record who recycled the most. In US, they sent their waste food to the food bank for those who needed to reduce the wastage. And lastly in Slovakia, they donated the waste food the Hunter’s association for feeding animals. The materials used for product packing were the lightest weight and sustainable and also gave opportunities for recycling. Since 2007, Tesco have reduced the packaging of own-brand product more than 15% in UK, which included cutting glass usage by 420 tonnes annually when producing their own label Champagne. They also changed traditional packaging of toys to new packaging reduction technique that brought 15% reduction. In UK, Tesco also has commitments with WRAP’s Courtauld 2 (Waste and Resource Action Programme) to reduce the packaging waste by 2012. The commitments included the reduction of weight, recycled content of grocery packaging to be increased, rates of recycling to be increased, and carbon impact to be lowered by 10%, reduction of 4% for the UK household food and drink, and reduction of 5% for the products and packaging waste in the supply chains (www. tescoplc. com). Caring for the environment brings value of duty, love, hope, and comfort. Tesco has carried out their duty towards the society by committing on wastage reduction. All the resources taken from the earth and environment were fully utilized and the balances were recycled. This duty is belonging to everyone; therefore Tesco has taken it into priority. Tesco also showed the values of love. In terms of loving the earth, loving the environment, and loving each others in the world by saving the resources such as water. Human being is unable to live without water. Tesco knew the seriousness so they ran several programmes on reducing the usage of water. Tesco is giving Hope to the society as well, saving resources in order to prevent resources shortage, and climate changing. Value of hope is generating with these practices to the people. Living in harmony and secure which may concern for the next generation as well. With the clean environment, the values of comfort arise and the people can feel that they are living in a peaceful world. This is the main objective achieved by Tesco. A comfort lifestyle may bring positive thinking to the people, staying with tolerance and forgiveness. Tesco has significantly practiced ethical theory of right for the programme. According to William Sbaw (2010), a right is an entitlement to act or have other acts in a certain way. Everyone has a right in doing certain action and simultaneously expecting others not to deprive its right. However, others also possess a right to disagree to the action, but they cannot dismiss it. Tesco promoted the protecting environment programme and has prompted to let the communities knew that they had the right to live harmony. Right and Duty are correlated as that our prime duty is to protect the rights of people (Gavai, 2010). Tesco has the duty of giving fairness to the society and the communities have the right to enjoy the fair treatment. 5. Conclusion Business ethics is important for a corporate because it brings significant benefits and advantages. Corporation with good business ethics prompt to have good image and reputation in the market, which assist to create market awareness and promote sales easily. Furthermore, a corporation best practice such as corporate social responsibility is also very crucial which to protect the employees and communities’ welfare, c orporation may enjoy benefits for itself also because a good corporate social responsibility may create loyalty of an employee. A loyal and committted employee will stay with the corporation constantly and increase productivity, which can reduce labour turnover as well. Whereas, Tesco, as one of the biggest retailers in the world, which cover business internationally (refer Appendix II for International business Chart), they realize the importance of these and working hard to practice good ethical behavior, create value for the communities and providing moral decision to settle the ethical dilemma to ensure the stakeholder and communities can enjoy the benefits. How to cite Ethical Audit Report of Tesco, Essay examples

Higher Education Learing To Live Or Living To Lea Essay Example For Students

Higher Education: Learing To Live Or Living To Lea Essay rnHigher Education: Learning to Live, or Living to LearnIn the mid 19th century, there was a strong anti-Catholic attitude in Europe. Cardinal John Henry Newman (1801-1890) was determined to establish a Catholic University in spite of these feelings. In 1852, he wrote The Idea of a University in which he expressed his opinions about what a liberal arts education should be, and what it supposedly would be in a Catholic University (Dunbar-Odam 107). In this essay, Newman made it abundantly clear what his views were as far as what students should learn in a university setting. Newman made statements that pointed toward a strong belief in a wide array of studies in a university. As the essay went on Newman made very strong and reasonable points that lead the reader to see that a broad spectrum of knowledge truly does increase a persons ability to reason and raises their credibility in society. After I read Newmans essay and discussed it thoroughly with my English class, I have come to th e opinion that in order to have a truly great nation and society, education must make the society reason and think. In order for a person to be able to reason and think, they must have a broad education. Yet, in order for a nation to survive in the time we live in, there must be experts and people with enormous knowledge in a limited area. Without finding a middle road, truly how long can a great society last?History has recorded many cultures in their making, in their peak, and in their fall. Rome, for instance, was built much the same as America is today. The government was ruled by the people, for the people. This nation, or should I say empire, was built on the thought that no one man should have total control over the people. As time passed, Rome became greater and greater. It overtook many other nations and became one of the greatest empires ever. Rome became an empire by warring with and conquering any nation that stood in its way. In the beginning Rome was built on ideal phi losophies that an empire could grow, learn, reason, and think, and the people could truly rule themselves with fairness and respectability. The people in Rome were educated to the belief that they controlled their government. They were just ordinary people that had the ability to see what needed to be seen. At this time Rome truly was great. The Senate made decisions that were for the best for the people, and life in Rome was good. Yet as time went on people began to forget that they were in control, and they started to focus on making money and being happy for the moment. The Senate became corrupt also, and Rome eventually fell to barbarians. In his essay, Newman stated and having lived under the influence of no very clear set of principals, religious or political, they speak of everyone and everything only as so many phenomena, which are complete in themselves, and lead to nothing(Newman 110). When Rome was great, it was great at the grass roots and it was great at the head. Peopl e thought for themselves, and saw the big picture of what Rome was and should always remain. When Rome crumbled it did so in the same way. The people were oblivious to anything but themselves, and the Senate was corrupt and uncaring also. Rome came to its peak when its people were able to walk the middle road of education. They had a broad understanding of what their government did, and kept it in check. Yet they kept on track in their own lives and were able to prosper due to expertise in various fields. .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 , .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 .postImageUrl , .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 , .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5:hover , .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5:visited , .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5:active { border:0!important; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5:active , .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5 .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1e92aa1a571d8728fd74387fb2d4b6e5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Russian Romantic Music and Tchaikovsky Essay Newman says many times throughout his essay that a broader education increases a persons ability to contribute to society. I agree with this. I think that a person needs to have a full understanding of the world and the society they live in. In America we seem to try to seek a middle road. Even though we must have people confined to one field, we also have people who open up their minds to many feilds. It is a necessary evil in all times, in all societies, to push people toward their preferred field and make them educated for that field. Yet as a compensation, a great society needs to educate their people in a way that opens their minds to the possibility of reasoning. A university that engages in a liberal arts type education, is a just a taste of what the our society is today. A student must learn many things in many subject, while at the same time pushing toward their final destination of their choosen major. A society needs to know what is happening in there surroundings, and be able to reason and think. This comes from learning all you can while keeping a focus on the job at hand. The mistake of human kind is that we always fall to extremes. Religion, for example, has a history full of war, death, and destruction. For instance the Thirty Years War(1618-1648): At first the struggle was primarily based on the profound religious antagonism engendered among Germans by the events of the Protestant Reformation. Religious animosity, especially among non-German adherents of the contending Protestant and Roman Catholic factions, broadened the war and was a substantial factor in its later stages(Encarta Encyclopedia). Many people had to die before at last the Peace of Westphilia was signed in 1648 and the war came to a close. How is it that something so ideally pure can become contaminated by these vile extremities? The answer is that people fail to reason. People do not stop to think Is what we are doing ethical? Do we have the right to force this on other people?. The perfect society would be one that reasons, perceives and opens up their minds to all that is good and right. But there is one flaw in that statement. We do not live in a perfect world. We live in a world were people hate because of origin or color of skin. There are people out there who reason and think but can we truly say they are the majority? In a perfect world all would be good, everyone would see that people are all humans, subject to flaws and mistakes just like themselves. No, this will never happen. That is why Newmans theory will not stand alone and neither will the theory that all we need is enough education to survive. A middle road must be found or all that a people, a society, a nation, or an empire have worked for will be dust in the wind. In America I embrace the thought that we are still trying to find this middle road, for the day we stop searching will be the day we are overcome by the barbarians. As I pondered the title for this essay I also thought about what it was that I wanted to say. In class I fiercely disagreed with Newman on his points but I have come to realize that there were flaws in my assessments also. Newman has told his theory with exceptional clarity and judgment yet it seems to me that he was in danger of becoming just what he taught against. He only sees half the picture and seems to shut out what is left. He says a person needs a broad education, he needs to see the big picture, needs to learn what life is about. Well, in the big picture, a society needs the fighters, the thinkers, the historians, the mathematicians, the labor workers, the Government officials and the list goes on. So, the question is, does Newmans Theory hold water. The answer to that is no. Newmans Theory is comperable to a man trying to stand with one leg. We have to find system of learning, that give people a broad education and yet at the same time prepares them for their various field s. When the people of a society learn to live, while living to learn, that society has achieved what mankind has been striving for since the dawn of time. .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 , .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 .postImageUrl , .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 , .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741:hover , .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741:visited , .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741:active { border:0!important; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741:active , .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741 .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1f8bc7dd3d266f374176d0fc3527c741:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henry Clay EssayWorks CitedNelson, Otto M.Thirty Years War. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. 1993-1998. Newman, John Henry. Idea of a University 1852. Working With Ideas Readin, Writing, Researching Experience. ed. Donna Dunbar-Odam. Boston: Houghton, 2001: 107-114Words/ Pages : 1,464 / 24

How Advertising Affects Our Society free essay sample

Our Society Advertising has been stereotypically known as an exploitation of unsuspecting consumers and was created to promote products, ideas, and events. Advertising does have positive and negative effects on our society, but it allows any individual to protect everyones freedom to enjoy their own freedom of choice. Advertising has had some strong, everlasting effects which changed how society view certain subjects. This type of advertising is referred to as exrreme propaganda as it leaves a scar in our society which is very difficult to recover from. Cigaratte companies manipulated the public for years saying that smoking isnt a serious health hazard and also saying cigaratees are a kind of remedy for a persons life. Despite countless research data proving smoking is extremely unhealthy, people are trapped in an unhealthy addiction which even affects their own lives. Advertising also misled people to thinking that certain luxuries are needed for your own life. We will write a custom essay sample on How Advertising Affects Our Society? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The big companies try to gain an individuals attention toward their own product saying that their product is the best in the market available. An example is like the Iphone or Windows Computer which is a common decision for most consumers to buy. Mostpeople think that advertising can be used mainly for companies who can afford it, however, they dont question when it can be used for the good of the people. When a greedy corporation, which is usually the top companies, uses these underhanded tactics, people dont see how much it helps special causes and charities. Advertising has helped many nonprofit and charities such as Red Cross and Pink Ribbon raise the awareness of troubles that many are sufferring right now. On the internet, advertising has helped issue of Kony 2012 raise their awareness and made the U. S. government get involved into the issue. Advertising helps maintain websites, the radio, tv, and helps many individuals who work online like Youtube sensations and bloggers. Advertising also helps inform the public of events that are going that affecting them and also effects which other coutries are going under. Advertising has been a great way to improve our society and can be used not only for greed but also for highly moral purposes. Advertising also lets people know what is going on and lets individuals convery what information they have. Advertising allows people to tell information on an event or their opinion which shows their own voice. This type of advertising allows people to protect their own freedom of speech and open discussion which is mandatory in our society. Individuals usually discuss serious issues brought to them upon by advertising in forums and also in socratic seminars in schools. People are able to convey their own opinion and which information is highly exaggerated or is just. SOPA, a law to stop piracy online by being able to close any site caused many people to discuss upon the laws words and advertise everywhere online of how it is going to threat their freedom of speech. Later on after mass protesting online, SOPA was ended and is now being rewritten containing the opinions and recommendations of the people. This shows how advertising has been a major power in our society which allows us to spread our opinions and caused major rise in support for that cause. One side says that advertising is only for greedy corporations while the other side says it helps people everywhere but, they dont see the actual reason for advertising. Adverising allows us to share our opinions and also for open discussion. Results from advertising shows how influential advertising is to our society-both good and bad. The important thing to know is that mainly the content is responsible but bnot the advertisement itself.

Key Enm4 Essay Example

Key Enm4 Essay Example Key Enm4 Essay Key Enm4 Essay ENM411 Market leader –Upper-Intermediate 1 UNIT 1-7 Listening |SPRING2010 |SUM2011 |FALL2011 |SPRING2012 | | | Midterm: Builder Higher Test 2, Part 1, Part 2 Cambridge BEC Higher 1- Test 1, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 1, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 1- Test 2, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 4, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 3, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 3, Part 3 Final Exam Cam Higher 3-Test 3, Part 1 Builder Higher Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 1, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 1- Test 3, Part 1 Vantage Builder, Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 3, Part 1 Cambridge Pass Vantage Self-study, Test 1, Part 3 Resit Pass Vantage self study- Test 2, Part 1, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 2, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 3, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 1- Test 4, Part 1 Pass Vantage self-study, Test 1, Part 3 Cambridge Builder Higher, Test 1, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 4, Part 3 WRTITING Midterm: Your Managing Director is considering how to improve the company’s internal communications, Write a proposal for the Managing Director: Final: Midterm: An international fund is offering grants to small businesses to improve their facilities. Write a letter FE: Your company is considering appointing someone as your assistant,Write a report for your manager, describing: Resit: The graph below shows the profit and loss made on three new products (A, B and C) in the year following their introduction to the market. Using the information from the graph, write a short report READING Midterm Pass Cambridge BEC Higher Selfstudy p. 33 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 3 Part 2, p. 60 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 1 Part 3, p. 22 Cambridge BEC Vantage 3, Test 1 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 1 Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 2 Part 3, Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 1 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 2, Part 1 Vantage Self study, Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 3, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 1, test 2, part 4 Final BEC Vantage Masterclass Unit 4, Workbook p. 10 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 1, part 2, p. 20 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 4 Part 3, p. 82 Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 4 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 1 Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 1 Part 3, Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 2, Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 3, Part 1 Pass BEC Vantage Self-study, Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 3, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 2, Part 4 Resit Cambridge BEC Vantage Self-study, Test 1, Part 4, P. 24 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, test 1 part 2, p. 20 Cambridge BEC higher 2, test 2, part 3 p. 30 Cambridge BEC Vantage Self Study, Test 4 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 4, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 3, Test 1 Part 3 Cambridge BEC Vantage Self study, Test 3, Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 3, Part 1 Vantage Self study, Test 3, Part 3 (used) Builder Higher , Test 1, part 1 Pass BEC Vantage Self study, Test 2, part 4 Grammar and Vocabulary Progress Test 1 + Midterm block 1 + Final Exam + Resit MC Unit 1 This invention reduced production time by a†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of months, and Freudenberg consequently became one of the biggest tanneries in Europe. issue problem trouble matter Installing an automated system means data is now†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ only once but can be access by anyone in the company. penetrated entered put placed I have received numerous complaints that Meetup is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ people with unwanted emails. bombarding falling pouring flowing When †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ , effective communicators are good at giving information. peak speaking spoken to speak The manager recommends †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ email only three times a day, allocating a set period of time to deal with it. checking to check check checked If you say something under your †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, you whisper or say it very quietly. mouth ears tongue breath It is easy to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the difference betwee n the banknotes used in the country. say speak tell talk Good communicators do not ramble and lose †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of the main message. meaning light sense sight A †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ person always keeps his or her attention fixed on what he or she wants to achieve. uninhibited focused eloquent succinct When somebody is dismissed from the job, we can say that they have†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ got the boot got the shoe got the sandal got the slipper He was unable to express his disagreement although he is generally †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. amicable assertive accessible agreeable Identifying the subgroups within an organization and making sure each group feels valued and respected can do †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ more to encourage the sharing of information. further far many lot Good communicators make their †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ clearly and avoid technical terms, abbreviation or jargons. points means thought perceptions Not all politicians are eloquent. Some of them even use an†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ autocue notepad sticker auto note Installing an automated system means data is now †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ only once but can be accessed by anyone in the company, wherever they are. paced registered admitted entered 1. Good communicators maintain eye contact and have a relaxed body language when speaking; they really take in what people say. in on at up 2. The speakers went on and on and did not get to the point. I had no idea of what they were rambling about. Rambling digressing interrupting engaging 3. Good communicators sometimes digress and leave the main point to add information and details. However, they will not ramble and lose sight of the main message. Confuse digress explain larify 4. Its useful to allocate a set period of time to process your inbox, rather than checking it sporadically throughout the day. Allocate indicate deliver distribute 5. The company’s advertising emphasizes that it provides a personal health service tailored to the individual needs. Met tailored satisfied fixed 6. A brave new world is a world in which society has been transformed by technology and science. Brave progressive modern courageous 7. It is easy to tell the difference between the banknotes in the US and the UK. Say tell speak ask 8. He would like to know whether he stands a chance of getting promoted or not. Hang on a second. I am afraid that we are duplicating work because I also asked my department to do this. Copying duplicating wasting imitating 9. Breakdown in communication can bring the world to a halt today. Stop halt cancel interruption 10. If something is in the air, you feel that it is happening or about to happen. air sky hand atmosphere 11. The†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. articulate people express thoughts and feelings easily and clearly so that almost everyone can understand. Responsive eloquent persuasive articulate 12. He seems so uninhibited here. He behaves and speaks freely and does not care what other people may think. Incoherent rticulate uninhibited inarticulate 13. By creating a relaxed atmosphere, good presenters can easily establish rapport for the audience. And a good rapport, as many presenters will tell you, is half the battle. Set up form establish find 14. The collapse of the company will have repercussions for the whole industry Percussions discussion recession repercus sions Extra Disruptive technology is a new technology, such as computers and Internet, which has rapid and major effect on technologies that existed before. The tariff for something is a list of prices, especially ones which vary according to the time or day of use. When somebody is dismissed from the job, we can say that they have Got the boot Got the shoe Got the sandal Got the slipper A lazy employee who only pretends to work is said to be Swinging the lead Fillblank 1. If something is in the a(ir/air), you feel that it is happening or about to happen. 2. Information o(verload/overload) means that decisions about what to read amongst thousands of potential books and articles is a highly problematic task. 3. I can’t make head or t(ail/tail) of that badly written report. 4. If you give somebody a low-d(own/down) you tell them all the information they need to know. . If you a(ir/air) your views, you express your opinions about something in public. 6. Despite his great s(ense/sense) of humor, he often find it difficult to respond to his audience. 7. â€Å"R(edundancy/redundancy)† is the situation when someone loses their job because their employer does not need them. 8. Good presenters establish good r(apport/rapport) with the audie nce. 9. A(rticulation/articulation) is the formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech. 10. An open p(lan/plan) office is the one which has few or no walls inside, so it is not divided into smaller rooms. 11. A l(ine/line) manager is a person with direct managerial responsibility for a particular employee. 12. Internal communication can be one of the hardest nuts to c(rack/crack) in business. I am not sure whether or not I s(tand/stand) a chance of being promoted soon. As he couldn’t attend the meeting, she is giving a summary of the main point to put him in the p(icture/picture). If you are at a l(oss/loss) for words, you are unable to say anything because something surprising or totally unexpected has happened. If someone drops a h(int/hint), he or she makes a suggestion in an indirect way. Unit 2 In the short term, firms may experience increased risk and decreasing profits when†¦.. going international. Going Traveling Cruising Arriving The main target of the anti-globalization movement is corporate power, not capitalism, but these perspectives do not necessarily exclude one another. progress Movement Arrival Motion Because of the budget†¦. , this years focus has been to add value to increase sales without impacting gross profit margin. lack emptiness constraints complications We †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ out promotional activities for various companies in the internet through classified websites. bring take make carry People in Chile prefer instant coffee †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ freshly brewed. to with for about Even the most †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ differences in consumer profile of a Columbian and a Venezuelan will not have been lost in Starbucks. illusive catchy gentle subtle In order to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ competitive advantage, companies will try to make their products and services stand out from their competitors’. insure secure sure certain Marketers need to be aware of the buying behavior of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and potential customers. present existing conventional current US-style coffee houses have been †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ up in the upmarket districts of the country. appearing springing coming oing Anyone who knows the Starbucks story can already visualize potential outlets in the most fashionable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of the region’s capital cities. neighborhoods neighbors fields factors The †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ aim of advertising is to persuade consumers to choose a specific product or service. efficient extreme ultim ate decisive Brand also presents some intangible aspects of a product since it is how the product or often even the whole company’s †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ by its customers. perceived received believed relieved Brand is the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of ideas, feelings, and perceptions about lifestyle and status, image and quality. versus nexus lexis focus Numerous shopping malls offer customer free parking, and all the major retail brands can be purchased under one †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. roof house tower citadel Coca Cola has †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ its soft drinks to every market. economized altered customized separated Consumer tastes vary enormously from one country to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. another the other ohers other Their mailing list contains plenty of information and data so that they won’t have any difficulty †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the most appropriate recipients for the mailshots. to identify identify identifying identified The most important decisions for international marketing are probably†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦product standardization and variety reduction. hat of what which of those of In international marketing, it is necessary to meet individual national requirements, particularly where †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦goods are concerned. consumer consumption consuming consumed 15. The 2008 market is a declining market with businesses closing down, employees losing t heir jobs and a challenging stock market. Reducing declining falling failing 16. This technique is applicable to a wide variety of crops, but some modifications may be necessary to accommodate the†¦ peculiarities of each type. Forms specialties peculiarities specifications 17. Irony†¦ is a situation in which something which was intended to have a particular result has the opposite or a very different result. Subtleness irony peculiarity homogeneity 18. Some analysts say Starbucks was forced to globalize because it had saturated its home market. Balanced equaled saturated justified 19. The extremely †¦volatile exchange rate has contributed to considerable uncertainty in ? nancial markets. Impressive volatile confidential expanding 20. Expanding †¦. operations overseas poses challenges, including finding business partners, protecting intellectual property and complying with different local laws. Businesses Operations ork enterprises 21. For long-term sustainability of the industry, it is important to diversify the product †¦range and move towards products that are less resource intensive and fulfil market requirements. Types range forms mediums 22. Mission †¦statement is a short written description of the aims of a business, charity, government department or public organization. purpose mission target aim 23. If you want to compete you must play to your own strengths. play work base contribute 24. In many countries today, global brand owners command the super-premium†¦ end of the market in any given product category, while local brands command the rest. Side end type sort 25. Global brand owners poured into the newly opened markets and, facing little competition in countries unaccustomed to consumer culture, they thought they would clean up. With about to for 26. As people become better off, they want more choices, not fewer. On with about off In order FillBlank 1. R(ed/red) t(ape/tape) and other examples of government bureaucracy hinder a company’s entry into a market. 2. Consumers’ buying habits can be described as their p(urchasing/purchasing) behavior. 3. A w(holesaler/wholesaler) sells goods to the retailers, usually in large quantities. 4. If goods in a shop are on s(pecial/special) offer, they are being sold at a lower price than usual. 5. If a market s(aturates/saturates), it provides too much of a product so that there is more of this product available than there are people who want to buy it. 6. N(ovelty/novelty) is something which has not been experienced before and so is interesting. 7. If a culture is h(omogeneous/homogeneous), it consists people which are similar to each other or are of the same type. 8. A m(ission/mission) s(tatement/statement) is a formal summary of the aims and values of a company, organization, or individual. 9. M(arketing mix/marketing mix) is a combination of factors that can be controlled by a company to influence consumers to purchase its products. 10. M(ailshot/mailshot) is the posting of advertising or similar material to a lot of people at one time. Marketers sometimes focus on particular segments of a given overall market. This process is known as ‘t(arget/target) marketing’ T(angible/tangible) assets are real, physical assets owned by a firm or individual that can be seen or touched. Unit 3 The excellent relations the company enjoys with the local community are a †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to its highly effective PR Department. credit gift alent genius As a result of the government’s †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of currency controls, its close relations with several major foreign investors have been jeopardized. proposition imposition compensation concession While some of Toyotas Japanese plants have †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ production for certain models, over 16 plants are still closed. assumed co nsumed undermined resumed Retailers need to †¦ and build a relationship with the customer across a range of channels including the internet. inquire require acquire secure There’s a lot we can do to keep our customers and learn more about them. But we need to be creative and come †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with good ideas. p on about for I hope you don’t mind me †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. to phone phoning phone phoned I hope that you might be able to advise me †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ franchising contracts. for with about on Relations between them are rather †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. They don’t seem to like or trust each other. smooth straightened amiable strained IAG has an unrivalled scale of operations and a †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of political and business connections. property wealth vast sum China is probably the insurance market with the biggest †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ potential in the world . untapped unheard unknown untouched Today, turning its pioneering presence into a †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦success is AIG’s biggest challenge. ntrepreneurial commercial enterprising economical The report †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦two key elements of a successful strategy. pinpoints guides invents orients In China, extravagant entertainment are part of business †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. doing practice action act The †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦customer of the 21st century does not have time on his or her hands. relentless disordered preoccupied restless Many major retailers failed to adjust to the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ towards internet buying. orientation move direction walk Unit 3 27. After †¦. cementing good contacts, he went in and completely.. undermined all our hard work. Breaking/soured maintaining/established romoting/ built cementing/undermined 28. Widespread rumours of a hostile take-over bid are certain to .. strain relations between two leading French software companies. drain strain stress pain 29. The restless customer of the 21 century does not have time on his or her hands and there are million other providers, all ready and e ager to sell to that customer. Restful Restless resting rested. 30. If something is transparent, it is very clear and easy to understand. Transferable transparent transmissible transactional 31. If someone is explicit, he or she says things clearly, exactly and openly. xplicit implicit requisite honest 32. An intermediary is someone who carries messages between people who are unwilling or unable to meet. Immediacy intermediary intermediatory intermediation 33. I think well have to terminate his contract because he doesnt fit in with the other people in the office. Extend renew terminate sign 34. If a bank or other organization underwrites an activity, it gives it financial support and takes responsibility for paying any costs if it fails. Underwrites makes certain guarantees secures 35. Capitalization is the total value of a companys shares on a  stock exchange. Market price capital capitalization market share 36. China was considered to be the insurance market with the biggest untapped potential in the world Untouched untapped unused undone 37. To lobby means to attempt to convince public officials to favor a certain cause or take a certain action. Persuade tempt induce lobby 38. In terms of investing in emerging markets, AIG has an edge over other insurers. edge advance experience activeness 39. With roots dating back more than half a century, AIG has an unrivalled scale of operations and a .. wealth of political and business connections. richness ealth vast various 40. Her outstanding performances set a new†¦ benchmark for singers throughout the world. record remark benchmark line Gapfilling 1. To a(ffiliate/affiliate) means to cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another, usually larger, group or organization. 2. Our agent let us down, we though we could c(ount/count) on him to boost sales but he had no commitment, no motivation. 3. They may be our competitor, but we want to stay on good t(erms/terms) with them. 4. They didn’t h(it/hit) it off at first, but little by little the came to be friends. . You should be able not only to relate to your employees, but also to h(old/hold) on to them. 6. We are definitely going to create a new post, so I suggest we should s(ound/sound) out a few people about it. 7. We continue to be one of the world’s leading business-to-business supplier of office products and services, and our m(otto/motto) continues to be â€Å"Our job is to make your job easier†. 8. We’d like to d(raw/draw) your attention to our special offers for regular customers like you. Customers will tolerate a little delay, but they are unlikely to p(ut/put) up with rudeness. They get on really well with each other, so it came as a surprise when they f(ell/fell) out over such a trivial incident. He’s going to be t(ied/tied) up in the meeting till noon, so please come and see him in the afternoon. Unit 4 1. The company will †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ shares to indicate who owns the company, and in what proportion. print issue publish release 2. Billionaire financier George Soros stands to make †¦.. profits with his newly launched investment fund. beautiful handsome pretty hunky 3. If you †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ something, you to control it, usually in order to use its power. tackle harness integrate Their hard work and investment is beginning to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ fruit. manufacture produce bear bring Several staff underperformed last year and didn’t †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦their targets. see meet talk please Whether or not to deregulate health care is a †¦.. issue. separate divisive gapping splitting When some key employees disappeared, the boss said that they’d left to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ other opportunities. gain pursue purchase ensure We are looking for ways of †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ our rivals. No one will be cheaper than us. underselling below selling above selling overselling In the late 1990s, many countries †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ a sharp economic downturn. looked viewed witnessed glanced Staff who never get any praise for their achievements may †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ up underrating their own abilities. finish terminate complete end What we are looking for †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ a candidate who can get results and work well under pressure. are is being be 6. Of course I can see now that Brian is an †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to our company, and I’m sorry I so badly misjudged him when he started working for us. asset access assessment acceptance 7. We’ll cut our expenses and downsize our †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in order to become more competitive on the market. practices actions operations work 8. After some teething troubles, they now have a †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ business with a huge turnover. declining thriving riving diving It’s been a lot of hard work, but she seems to be really making a †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of her business. walk go step come The new product †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦filled the gap of the market and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦took off as soon as it was launched. filled/took filled/set covered/took cov ered/set If an industry, company, activity etc is in the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, it is not doing well or developing. depress deadness doldrums docks The Mobil logo is an instantly †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ logo across the planet. recognized aware conscious sensed While its difficult for the average investor to buy shares in Facebook right now, there are rumors that the company will go †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in 2012. stock general widespread ublic 41. The advent of LCD watch technology in 1970s created a vast opportunity for the company. Arriving Adventure advent going 42. Gimmick is something which is not serious or of real value that is used to attract peoples attention or interest temporarily, especially to make them buy something. Slogan gimmick mimic gadget 43. We have also seen the downfall of some companies which over-expanded during the last boom. Downmove downwards downfall falldown 44. As the retail market became saturated, they had to think up a short-term strategy and develop some long-term plannin g. Out up on of 45. Todays consumers are very price.. onscious, but aggressive price promotions undermine the perceived value of our brand Aware knowing informed conscious Gapfilling 1. â€Å"N(epotism/nepotism)† means using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family. 2. If someone is r(uthless/ruthless), they have or show no pity or compassion for others. 3. P(rototype/prototype) is the first example of something, such as a machine or other industrial product, from which all later forms are developed. ’ 4. A t(riumph/triumph) is a very great success, achievement or victory or a feeling of great satisfaction or pleasure caused by this. . The company has loyal customer b(ase/base) because it meets the expectation of customer by always delivering the goods at lower prices. 6. The company made a profit for the first time since going p(ublic/public). 10. A â€Å"g(immick/gimmick)† is something which is not serious or of real value that is used to attract peoples attention or interest temporarily, especially to make them buy something. 11. We don’t want our customers to think we were r(ipping/ripping) them off if we charged them a higher price. Nobody thought we’d clinch the deal, but we came up t(rumps/trumps) in the end. A â€Å"high f(lier/flyer/flier/lyer† is someone who has a lot of ability and a strong desire to be successful and is therefore expected to achieve a lot. 7. Since the emergence of high-speed Internet, the music industry has complained that it is being brought to its knees by the p(irates/pirate/pirates/irate) of downloading. 8. A â€Å"f(law/flaw)† is a fault, mistake or weakness, especially one that happens while something is being planned or made, or which causes something not to be perfect. 9. If someone is f(ussy/fussy), they not easily satisfied and have very high standards about particular things. If a company is going p(laces/places), it is on the way to success. We had been always ahead of our rivals until 2003 when they o(utstripped/outstripped) us for the first time. Unit 5 16. We use †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ strategies to reach audiences across all channels, from digital to mobile to word of mouth. integrated consolidated united blended 17. In the interview with Bloomberg Opedal says that Orkla is willing to sell assets to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the expansion in Asia. supply finance pay off provide 18. Unemployment in the booming economies of Australia and New Zealand is at †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦lows. most least record highest 1. The company is †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ways to keep the best salespeople. making oing watching devising 2. A liberal education helps students develop a †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of social responsibility. sense feeling perception sensation Because technology companies face the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ labor markets, they have been the most aggressive in devising ways to keep workers. smallest narrowest tightest tiniest Managers can †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦educational and special training leave for staff and encourage them to attend training programmes and conferences. decide avoid add advocate Don’t throw money at the workers who want to leave because pay †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ don’t always work. rises raises lifts elevations 6. The company want to hire people that are totally †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ with their values. ined dealing accompanied aligned 7. As a boss, you need to make employees feel †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ they’re not interested in looking elsewhere, because they’re very happy with their life. as though though if whether 8. Building up employee loyalty is important with unemployment at a †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ low. extreme most total record 9. The new CEO †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the bureaucratic corporate culture to profit-minded entrepreneurship. formed transferred transformed translated 10. The growing number of close relationships between staff has very bad effect on both performance and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. morale moral motive motion He has a †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦of accomplishment when a demanding task is carried out successfully. eel sense thinking perception The company should have †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of an individual’s or group’s efforts or contributions. acknowledgement knowledge realization admission 46. If an employee is so overloaded that there is not time to keep organized this can increase the stress that leads to burnout. Over-burn burn-off burnout burn down 47. Generous remuneration packages are often attached to overseas postings. numeration remuneration pay benefit. 48. Wholly foreign owned enterprises enjoy exclusive management control of their own business activities and have †¦autonomy in their operation and management with less interference from the government. Appraisal autonomy bureaucracy assessment 49. In a performance †¦appraisal, an employee discusses with their manager how well they have been doing their job, their progress, aims and needs at work. Bureaucracy commission appraisal incentive 50. Staff retention is one of the key factors required to keep your service quality constantly at high level. Retention maintenance retention intervention 51. Already providing top quality services, the company goes a step further by exceeding customers expectations at all times. More forwards upwards further 52. Labor crunch is a situation in which there are not enough workers. Redundancy restriction crunch intension 53. The company’s parental leave policies are very generous in allowing time off and reentry into employment. Leave off rest vacation 54. We revamped all the management system, but the business is doing no better than it was before. Redid revamped retained regenerated 55. Morale†¦. is the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or difficult situation. Morale spirit mood status 56. A parent must be careful not to show favoritism towards any one of their children. Favorite favorability favoring favoritism 7. Could I have a quick word with you? saying sentence word talk 58. Actuaries†¦. are people who calculate insurance risks and premiums according to statistical probabilities. Insurers calculators statisticians actuaries 59. If something is†¦ negligible, it is of very little importance or size and not worth considering. remote negligible slight faint 60. They have to take dec isive action to prevent these losses from escalating. Take make create do 61. By focusing on customers and their expectations, he helps companies develop integrated strategies to achieve long-range performance goals. Integrated connected interrogated interrelated 62. She resumed her career after an interval of six years. Retook resumed redid remade 63. While acts of terrorism receive the most coverage, it’s the more traditional events such as fires, floods, explosions, power failures or natural disasters that have the biggest impact. Cover coverage newspapers social networks 64. Whether the quality of customers experiences is poor or excellent, all companies have room for improvement. Place vacancy room emptiness 65. When staff turnover is high, a manager needs to understand why people are leaving and work on correcting it. Turndown turnoff turnover turning 66. In urban areas all the major operators in the last few years have been focusing on corporate clients to boost their revenues. Boot boost shoot host 67. About five years a go, the company began to lose sales and market share, and in the last two years, it has made a loss. made done caused taken 68. Individual business units must own and manage their own risks within the framework of an overall risk management policy. framework structure infrastructure organization 69. I am going to suggest we carry out a study of the market, and take it from there. carrying carry arried to carry 70. If a company is in a precarious situation, it’s in a dangerous state and there’s a risk that it may go out of business. cautious precautious precarious embarrassing Gapfilling 1 I am up to my e(yes/eyes) at the moment. Would you be able to give me a hand with these progress report for tomorrow’s meeting. 2 R(aw/raw) material is the basic material f rom which a product is made. 3 R(etention/retention) is the continued use, existence or possession of something or someone. 4 P(erk/perk) is an advantage or extra thing, such as money or goods, which you are given because of your job. Common s(ense/sense) is the basic level of practical knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us live in a reasonable and safe way. 10. People talk much about need for work that gives them quality of life, the work-life b(alance/balance) and the avoidance of stress. A judicious system of p(erks/perks), such as housing allowances or extra holidays should be devised. When the staff feel responsible and accountable for their own work, and when they are somehow involved in the decision-making p(rocess/process), their job satisfaction increases. 6 To d(evise/devise) means to invent a plan, system, object, etc. usually cleverly or using imagination. 7 â€Å"D(esperation/desperation)† is the feeling that you have when you are in such a bad situa tion that you are willing to take risks in order to change it. Everyone needs to continue to develop personally and p(rofessionally/professionally) on the job. A â€Å"s(tatus quo/status quo)† is the situation as it is now, or as it was before a recent change. 8. A s(hareholder/shareholder) is a person who owns some of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company is divided. 9. Our general manager is in c(harge/charge) of running the company and for making joint strategic decisions with the CEO. Unit 6 21. The treatment of a risk in one area may significantly increase the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to risk in another area. contact exposure revelation disclosure 22. Failure to attempt †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the risks that can occur can easily result in a project riddled with potential for failure. managing manage to manage managed 23. While risk management has†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ improved in the last decade, the risks have changed. undoubted undoubting undoubtedly undoubtful 24. Recovery plans of companies should include making certain their vendors and suppliers are also prepared for business †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. interferences interruptions nterventions intrusions 1. The SIA offers a unique forum for dealing with health and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ issues that may impact manufacture or sale of semiconductors domestically. safety protection security well-being 2 We need executives who can manage strategic risks properly in addition to being able to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ decisive action whenever necessary. make take do work 3. The company is losing direction and its core products are losing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. appeal appearance tempt picture 4. There was a marked growth in turnover, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the group’s rapid expansion over the last decade. reflect reflects reflected eflecting 5. Implementing a systematic †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to workplace safety will require a cultural change in many organizations and within the safety profession. way methodology road approach 6. Company policy and workstation practice must dictate that safety never takes a back †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to other interests. chair sit seat row No one should tolerate a potentially disabling or life-threatening risk in the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of cost-cutting, productivity or any other priority. name image title behalf It is impossible to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ all risk when entering a new market. legitimate designate imitate eliminate 9. Research show that one-third of the world’s leading companies have †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ for improvement. place location area room 10. Unless businesses accept and review risk regularly, they could eventually find themselves in a state of crisis, struggling to survive †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ focused growth. instead than but rather than Gapfilling 1. If a risk is n(egligible/negligible), it is so small that that it is not worth worrying about. 2. â€Å"A(ctuary/actuary)† is a person who calculates how likely accidents, such as fire, flood or loss of property, are to happen, and tells insurance companies how much they should charge their customers. . Many business leaders are s(cratching/scratching) their heads when it comes to protecting their business against risks. 4. Businesses that do attempt to manage these risks will boost their b(ottom/bottom) lines. 5. â€Å"H(azard/hazard)† is something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage. 6. Absenteeism is the practice of regul arly staying away from work or school without good reason. 7. There is a lot companies can do to stop risky events from becoming a disaster in the first p(lace/place). 8. â€Å"C(raftsmanship/craftsmanship) is the skill at making things. 9. Joint v(enture/venture) is a commercial enterprise undertaken jointly by two or more parties which otherwise retain their distinct identities. 10. â€Å"S(take/stake)† is a share or a financial involvement in something such as a business. If the risk is n(egligible/negligible), it is so small that it is not worth worrying about. â€Å"D(icey/Dicey)† is an informal word which means the same as â€Å"risky†. â€Å"Economic b(lockade/blockade)† is a situation when a country or place is surrounded by soldiers or ships to stop people or goods from going in or out. Unit 7 26. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦from Facebook, Fotobounce can also upload photos to Flickr. Away Apart Except Separated To be open and transparent as part of our commitment to boost public †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ in publicly funded education. reliance possession confidence intimacy 28. Vehicle loan providers have set up internet †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ where they allow clients to fill out loan applications on the internet. functions working operations actions 29. Yoox. com chose to launch in Europe first, close to the designers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ goods it sells. that which whom whose 30. We enjoy working with companies that want to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the online world and generate revenue through the world wide web (www). mbrace contain hold encircle 1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦biggest US retailers are developing integrated operations. Some of the Some the Some of Of the 2. The company has expanded well beyond its †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ as a seller of books and CDs, acting as an online mall selling everything from gourmet foods to clothing. basis ground causes roots 3. JC Penney, the century-old department store chain, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ its Internet sales reach $600m last year. saw looked pointed stared 71. If you waste your companys money you could risk going bankrupt because the money that you are wasting could be better spent else where. oing go to go went 72. If you †¦. customize a product or service, you make or change it according to the buyer’s need. customize individualize justify commercialize 73. Smarterwork does an excellent job of matching freelance†¦. professionals to organizations looking for particular skills. professors professionals employers recruiters 74. If you are †¦.. browsing the Internet, you are looking for information on it. seeking investigating browsing logging on 75. A directory is a book which gives a list of names, addresses or other facts. dictionary postal directory guidebook 76. Major players such as Coca-Cola are now seeing their Facebook pages receive more hits†¦ than their individual websites. comers guests strikes hits 77. A gourmet is a person who knows a lot about food and cooking, and who enjoys eating high-quality food. eater taster appetite gourmet 78. High-street products are those that are intended for ordinary public and not for rich people. high-street low-street common usual 79. Russian internet company Yota has grown from †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to become one of the largest firms in the market. basics scratch nothing fundamental 80. Internet shopping is easier, more convenient and offer bigger†¦. nd a lot of the major retailers are having to get to grips with it because consumers are dragging them into the space. sorts goods ranges kinds 81. As we didn’t understand the potential impact of e-purchasing early enough, so we are lagging behind our competitors. coming stepping lagging walking 82. Our company will be able to compete in the n ew global marketplace only if we seize the opportunities present. seize Do Make hold Fillblank 1. Search e(ngine/engine) is a computer program which finds information on the Internet by looking for words which you have typed in. To l(itter/litter) means to spread across an area or place untidily. 3. A s(tart-up/start-up/ start up/tart up) is a newly established business. â€Å"A(utonomy/autonomy) is the ability to act and make decisions without being controlled by anyone else. 4. Bricks and m(ortar/mortar) is the term used to denote a business that operates conventionally rather than over the Internet. 5. M(ail-order/mail-order/ mail order/ail order) is a way of buying goods in which you choose what you want, usually from a catalogue, and it is sent to you. FillBlank Unit 1 1. As an instructor she has s(ense/sense) of humor, she is enthusiastic and sets long-span goals. 2. â€Å"C(orporate/corporate) i(dentity/identity)† is the characteristics of a  corporation  which is designed to accord with and facilitate the attainment of business objectives. It is usually visibly manifested by way of branding and the use of  trademarks. 3. To encourage effective communication between departments, the Trust was keen to adopt open p(lan/plan) office accommodation. Unit 2 4. The process of expanding b(eyond/beyond) the domestic market can seem very intimidating and daunting for many small businesses. . If you state an amount per c(apita/capita), you mean that amount for each person. 6. An o(utlet/outlet) is shop that owned by a particular company and that sells the goods which the company has produced. 7. One of the big problems for smaller investors is getting a f(oothold/foothold) in the commercial property market. 8. F(oreign/forgeign) e(exchange/xchange ) is the system by which the type of money used in one country is exchanged for another countrys money, making international trade easier. Unit 3 9. If you b(reak/break) off a talk with someone, you stop it because you can’t find agreement. 0. ILT Services is set to b(uild/build) up a sales network for Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. 11. LABG is a student organization whose purpose is to f(oster/foster) the relations between Chicago Booth and Latin American people. Unit 4 12. The customer b(ase/base) is the group of  customers  or  consumers  that a  business  serves. 13. A w(holly/wholly) owned subsidiary is a company whose stock is entirely owned by another company. 14. C(osmetic/cosmetic) s(urgery/surgery) is any medical operation which is intended to improve a persons appearance rather than their health. 15. If you o(utbid/outbid) someone for something, you offer more money than him or her to buy that thing. Unit 5 16. â€Å"C(omission/commission)† is the payment to someone who sells goods which is directly related to the amount of goods sold. 17. C(ommon/common) sense is the basic level of practical knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us live in a reasonable and safe way. 18. If you get a pay r(ise/rise), you have an increase in the fixed amount of money you earn for doing your job. 19. Like the rest of the world, Canada will face a labour c(runch/crunch/crisis/risis) in the next 10 years. Unit 6 20. Successful modern leaders should be supportive of staff, but should also take d(ecisive/decisive) action to maintain standards of behaviour. 21. A h(azard/hazard) is something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage. 22. Staff t(urnover/turnover) is the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new people. 23. â€Å"A(bsenteeism/ bsenteeism)† is a habitual  pattern  of  absence  from a  duty  or  obligation. Traditionally, it has been viewed as an indicator of poor individual performance. 24. Financial services firms are ahead of the curve when it c(omes/comes) to risk management practices. Unit 7 26. A d(irectory/directory) is a book that gives a list of names, addresses or other facts. 27. A p(ioneer/pioneer) is a person who is one of the first people to do something. 28. M(ail/mail) o(rder/order) is way of buying goods in which you choose what you want, usually from a  catalogue, and it is sent to you. 29. If someone or something is home-g(rown/grown), they belong to or were developed in your own country. 30. If a product or a service is e(xclusive/exclusive), it is expensive and only for people who are rich or of a high social class. IndicateMistakes Midterm 1. In the Harvard Business School professor Theodore Lewitt’s seminal paper The Globalization of Market, (written) in 1983, he argued that, as new media and technology shrank the world, people’s tastes would converge, (creating) a single global market that (would be dominated) by the world’s most (success) brands. 2. So when the Berlin Wall (fell) and the barriers (to) world trade (came down), it seemed Prof Lewitt would be proved (rightly). 3. Global brand owners (poured into) the (newly opened markets) and, facing (few competition) in countries (unaccustomed to) consumer culture, they thought they would clean up. Then some awkward commercial realities started to close in. 4. Once local consumers (had tried) these new products, they (found) them (far too expensively) to buy (on regular basis), even if they liked them. 5. And soon, local producers (sprang up) (offer) much better (value for money) with products of only (slightly inferior quality) at a vastly lower price. 6. (Usually), too, these products were (better suited) to local tastes and cultural preferences than (that) being (foisted onto) consumers by the global corporations. 7. The global brand owners were left (spreading) their advertising and other (fixing costs) over (tiny market shares) and often faced (extra costs), such as tariffs. 8. In (many of) these countries today, global brand owners command the (super-premium end) of he market in any (given product category), while local brands command (rest). 9. The global brand owners could try (to move) into the mass market by (creating) low-price products (design) to suit local tastes, but that would throw them into head-on competition with local companies possessing better distribution channels and a (far deeper understanding) of the market. 0. Increasingly, therefore, they have resorted to (buying) local brands and the companies (whose) own them. And here, of course, (lies) the paradox. Whatever is the point of owning a global brand if it does not (work) in global market? Final exam 1. (On the surface), flexible working might (seem to be) about people (being) able to choose their working hours and, perhap s, spend some time (to work) away from the office. 2. But it is also (a fundamental change) in the way (people work)- and, (more importantly), the way (they managed). 3. Flexible working is (a shift) from â€Å"time-based† to â€Å"result-based† (working practices) and could herald the biggest change (for) the (workplace) since the (start) of the industrial revolution. 4. New employee legislation is one of the main (motivation) for employers (to introduce) flexible working practice-but not the only one. In Europe, for example, employers are obliged (to offer) parents with young or disabled children the right (to request) flexible working. 5. While legislation is a major catalyst to (introducing) flexible working, there are other reasons. In the US, for example, the fall in the price of (mass market computer) and communications technologies (are) encouraging organization (to allow) more home working. 6. Flexible working is also (likely) to (appeal to) a wider skill pool and help with (staff retention). Marry Sue Rogers, human capital management leader at IBM Global Service, says that IBM has embraced flexible working (helping) with recruitment. 7. In Europe, companies have to (provide) flexible working (because of) legislation-but it is also a way (to recruit) from a broader skill pool, (include) women and older people. . (With) an (ageing) workforce we have to find ways to retain older staff. It also gives (greater scope) to male employees who (increasing) want flexible working to create a better work/life balance. 9. Although new legislation (is forcing) organizations (to adopt) flexible working practices, there are (sound) business reasons to give employees more (flexible). 10. Organizations which have (embraced) f lexible working have found that it can (cut costs) and improve productive). More importantly, it enables them (to recruit) staff from much broader skill pool and retain staff. Resit 1. Management (at) large organizations do not embark (on) widespread and risky company restructurings (unless) they believe their businesses are (for) straitened financial circumstances. 2. And the potential long-term damage (with) company branding that can be done if staff and managers clash publicly (over) plans will almost always take a back seat (to) other priorities, such as getting the business back (into) profit. 3. Nevertheless, brands are (a key part) of the intangible assets that (is) playing an (increasingly) important role on company (balance sheets). 4. This (means) that it can be a serious issue for any business if its brands emerge as (tainted) in the long term by strikes and other industrial conflicts. If this is the (risky), how can corporations or other (branded organizations) reduce this danger? 5. Langford estimates that about a third of his clients’ problems (with respect to) this risk (are) caused by the behavior of their (staff); with industrial action and disaffected workers (be) the most common examples. 6. Poor industrial relations do not come about (in isolation). They reflect (on) the business (as whole) and the way (in which) it is being managed. 7. If the management think the brand is (something) (done) by the marketing communications department, (this) makes for very poor brand (strategic). 8. The danger here for service companies (is) that the impression of the brand (given) to the customer is often dictated by the (behave) of staff at the bottom of the (organization hierarchy). 9. Brands (represent) the (value) of the organization’s relationship with (their) customers. It’s the one thing (a competitor) cannot copy. 10. Companies are not able (to insure) against (declines) in brand value, but often compound the problem by (not manage) the risk to (their) most valuable asset. Indicate mistakes Midterm (1-3) 1. The communication between companies and customers is (increasing) becoming two-way, with customers service centres (designed) to gather information, not just (complaints), from customers about (all aspects of use) of a company’s products. 2. (Some) say that first impressions (count). (Another) think that someone’s character can only be judged after a lot of (contact) in business contexts and socially. 3. A new trend for companies (to set up) e-marketplaces on the Internet (that) they work together (on) procurement of materials and parts. Suppliers can make bids (in competition with) each other. 4. When firms work together (on) a particular project, they may (enter) into a strategic alliance. This may (take the format) of a (joint venture) between two or three companies or a consortium between several organizations. 5. Globalization has (affected) marketing strategies in many ways. In the past, for example, the best way to enter a market tended (be) the main concern. Today, (by contrast), international marketers ask themselves whether it is better to standardize or to adapt a product (across) different markets. . (Finding) the right international mix has (become) one of the key (question), and answers vary (greatly) from company to company and from product to product. 9. HCPS is a private health care organization (based) in Geneva, Switzerland. It (offers) advice and (treat) to wealthy people and company employees (all over the world). 10. The HCPS group was (formed) a year ago, (following) a takeover of HCP by Sanico rp, another health care organization. Since the takeover, the company has become more centralized, with more decisions (is) made by the top management at (head office). Final (1-7) 1 It (estimated) that 90 per cent of (medium) to large companies that could not (resume) near-normal operations within five days of an emergency would (go out of) business. 2 While acts of terrorism receive the most (coverage), it’s the more traditional (events) such as fires, floods, explosions, power failures or natural disasters (who) have the biggest (impact). 3 To (best) protect cashflow, competitive position and profit, companies need to (access) the potential hazards that can (impact) top revenue sources and make sure (there is) business continuity planning. 4. Getting) to a (win-win situation) clearly requires (a number of) special skills, such as (make) concessions. 5. After 17 years of (lobbying) by Mr Greenberg, AIG was the first foreign (insurer) (being) allowed (in to) China. 6. Over the (past) six years, Samsung (fights) to move its brand image more (upmarket) to compete with (premium) names, such as Sony. 7. Pressure has (mounted) on Samsung to keep its (efforts). The company recently slipped back (into) third place behind Motorola (on) mobile handset sales. 8. It is clear that young people have a (huge impact) (over) their parents and older people (when) it comes to (choose) technology. . (On) the surface, flexible working might seem to be about people (be) able to choose their working hours, and perhaps, spend (some time) working away from office. But it is also a fundamental change in the way people work, and more (importantly) the way they are managed. 10. (Flexible working) is also likely to appeal (with) a wider (skill pool) and help (with) staff retention. Resit (1-7) 1 People are happiest not only when they are (respected member) of a team (they admire) (but) when the team and the company are respected by (the world outside). Being (part) of a (trusted), honest group is an indispensable component of employee happiness and engagement. So (is) (establish) ties with colleagues you respect. 3 Management at large organizatio ns do not embark (on) widespread and (risk) company (restructurings) unless they believe their businesses are in (straitened) financial circumstances. 4. Brands (are) a key part of the intangible (assess) that are (playing) an increasingly important role (on) company balance sheets. 5. It can be a serious issue (for) any business if its brands (emerge) as tainted (in the long term) by strikes and (another) industrial conflicts. . (Figures) out from 2004 from Ofcom, the communications regulator, (showed) that more than 56 per cent of homes had internet (access), with a third of those (have) a broadband connection. 7. Externally, advertising has been the most visible (form) of communication (with) customers. (Usual) this is designed to increase product sales, but there is also institutional advertising, designed to improve perceptions of company (as a whole). 8. UK companies have failed in the past (prepare) their (staff) in key areas before (sending) them abroad. What’s new is that they are starting to (pay attention to) it. . While 89 per cent of companies formerly assess a candidate’s job skills prior to a foreign posting, less than half go through the same process for cultural suitability. 10. Several department heads are unhappy because they can’t get a quick answer when they want to spend money, even small sums. When they ask their present line manager 1. In 1967, John Kenneth Galbraith argued that the USA (was run) by a handful of big companies (who) planned the economy in the name of stability. These were (hierarchy) and bureaucratic organizations (making) long runs of standardized products. 2. They introduced â€Å"new and improved† (varieties) with predictable regularity; they provided their workers (for) lifetime employment and they enjoyed (fairly) good industrial relations with the (giant trade unions). 3. That world is now dead. The US’s giant corporations have either (disappeared) or (be transformed) by global competition. (Most) have shifted their production systems from high-volume to high-value, from standardized to customized. And they have (flattened) their management hierarchies. 4. Few people these days expect (to spend) their lives (to move) up the ladder of a single organization. Dramatic changes (are taking place). But where exactly are they (taking up)? Where is the modern company heading? 5. These are three standard answers (to) this question. The first is that a handful of giant companies are engaged (with) a â€Å"silent takeover† of the world. The past couple of decades have (seen) a record number of mergers. The survivors are (far) more powerful than nation states. 6. The second (school of thought) argues (almost the opposite): it (says) that big companies are thing of the past. For a glimpse of the future, look at the Monorail Corporation, (that) sells computers. 7. Monorail (owns no) factories, warehouses or any (others) tangible assets. It operates in an office building in Atlanta. (Freelance workers) are designing the computers while (demand) is still low. 8. The third (school of thought) (says) that companies are being replaced by â€Å"net works†. Groups of entrepreneurs form such a network to market an idea. They then sell it to the highest bidder and (move on to) produce another idea and to create another firm, with the money (is) supplied all the time by venture capitalists. 9. Another way (to look) at the future of the company is (to focus) on the environment that will determine it. That environment is dominated by one thing: choice. Technology and globalization opens up (ever more) opportunities for individuals and (firm) to collect information and conduct economic activity outside traditional structures. 10. While the age of (mass production) lowered the costs of products (for) the expense of (limiting) choices, modern â€Å"flexible† production systems both (lower) costs and increase choices. 11. Consumers have more choice over where (will they spend) their money. Producers have more choice over which suppliers (to use). Shareholders have more choice over where (to put) (their) money. 12. With (all that choice) around, future (company) will have to be very flexible in order to (quickly adapt) to the changing environments if they (are to survive). 1. The nation was (in shock). David Beckham, Britain’s most (beautiful) footballer emerged from his house on Monday morning (to allow) the world (photograph) a wound above his left eye. 2. Sir Alex Ferguson, manager of (his then team) Manchester United, had (lost his temper) after a defeat and(kick) a football boot, (which) hit the Beckham eyebrow. 3. In sports, more than in most businesses, the management tactics are (out in the open) for all to see. Not many managers try (to strangle) their subordinates-as Bobby Knight, a former basketball coach at Indiana University, (once do). But the ability (to inspire fear) has always been an essential tool of management. 4. (Lots of) successful chief executives (rule by terror). (None), it must be said, (reaches) the standard (setting) by John Patterson, who built NCR early in the 20th century. 5. One NCR executive discovered he (had been fired) when he found his desk and chair (in flames) on the company lawn. Modern laws (on) constructive dismissal and employee harassment have put an end (with) such fun. . However, terror in the workplace is (making a comeback) these days. In an economic upswing, fear (goes underground). Workers are (scarcity), and therefore powerful; bosses must handle the talent (with) care. 7. When times (turn tough), the balance of power swings. As Hank Paulson, chairman of Goldman Sachs, (put it), in a speech that upset his staff, â€Å"in almost every one of our bu sinesses, there are 15-20% of the people that really (adds) 80% of the value. † (In other words), 80-85% are largely redundant-and had better shape up fast. 8. Does fear really motivate? In sport, says Scott Snook, who teaches organizational behavior at Harvard Business School, â€Å"fear can become a barrier to (take) risks, (yet) can provide the essential emotional kick needed to (meet) a challenge. † Coaches need to (strike) the right balance in order to develop talent. 9. Yet (use) in boardroom, fear can be disastrous. Tony Couchman, a headhunter at Egon Zehnder in London, (recalls) the board of a large firm with a chief executive who so dominated his directors that they (rarely) questioned or challenged him. â€Å"Success in such a company depends on (having) a great leader and a steady market,† he argues. 0. Jim Collins, author of a book that explains why some firms (succeed in) making the jump â€Å"from good to great’ and (other) fail, found that the approach (to) fear was a key distinction among firms that he surveyed. He found that in the (truly) successful firms people were â€Å"productively neurotic†. 11. At Microsoft, for ex ample, employees worry all year (at the prospect) of their annual meetings with Bill Gates, (who) even (being shouted at) would not hurt as much as (seeming) to be an idiot. 12. The (driving) fear of failure, points out Mr. Collins, is not unique (to) corporate life. â€Å"I’m self-employed, and I live with constant fear,† he says. â€Å"But I’m self-afraid. † That kind of fear is common among creative artists and also in professional services (where) the person is the product and lots of fragile egos have to (manage). 1. In its 30-year history, Nike had become the (undisputed) leader in sports marketing. But beneath the success (was) an Achilles’ heel. Nike is named (for) a woman – the Greek goodness of victory-but for most of its history, the company had been perceived as (being) mostly about men. . Could Nike do more to realize full potential of female customers? And how could it afford (not to), given the threats to its future with Air Jordan (ran) out of air and brands like Sketchers (digging) into the teen market with shoes inspired by skateboarding, not basketball. That was a huge question at Nike HQ. The launch of Nike Goddess was the (makings) of an ans wer. 3. For (many of) its history, Nike’s destiny was controlled by its founders, Phil Knight and his (running buddies), who designed up athletes in locker rooms and made the (executive decisions). But by throwing together a diverse team of people with different backgrounds and different levels of seniority, Nike has found that it can keep (many of) its core attributes while (adding) news sources of inspiration. 4. (Taking) the (combination) of star designer John Hoke and newcomer Mindy Grossman, vice president of global apparel. Hoke designed (the look) and (feel) of the first Nike Goddess store. 5. Then Grossman, whose career has included (helping) (making) Ralph Lauren into a retail icon, pitched the design ideas to Nike’s top retailers as stores within stores. Now it (looks) like Nike has a chance (to reach) a crucial objective: double its sales to women by the end of the decade. 6. Nike Goddess began (as a concept) for a women-only store, and there’s a reason why. (Many) of the retail settings in which the company’s products were found were a turnoff to female customers: dark, loud, and harsh- in a word, male. (On sharp contrast), the Nike Goddess stores have the comforting (feel) of a woman’s own home. 7. Designing a new approach to retail was only one element in Nike’s campaign. (Another) was redesigning the shoes and clothes (themself). Nike’s footwear designers worked (on) 18-month production cycles-which made (it) hard to stay in step with the new styles and colours for women. 8. The apparel group, (which) worked around 12-month cycles, was better at (keeping on with) fashion trends. But (that) (meant) that the clothes weren’t co-ordinated with the shoes-a big turnoff for women. 9. When Jackie Thomas, Nike’s US brand marketing director for w