Rhetorical Analysis Of Unicef s Campaign For Children

UNICEF created a campaign for children that need a family; hence, the title, Every Child Needs a Family due to the increasing number of children without families. These children lack a caring and loving family; therefore, in order to decrease the number of children without a family, UNICEF brilliantly put together the advertisement that touches the heart of those who look at it. The image seems to be taken at a storefront with a male and a female mannequin. Perhaps, since the mannequins look like the ideal parents, the child decides to hold the mannequins hands. The construction of this advertisement incorporated the use of rhetorical strategies such as a contemporary style environment, in order to enhance the rhetorical situation. The rhetorical situation then creates a more effective approach due to the display of affection that tries to inform its audience about the increase of children that needs a family and people should make a difference by helping out in any way. The rhetori cal strategies incorporated into the advertisement played an enormous role in its effectiveness. The author, UNICEF, has a large influence due to its global recognition as an organization that works for children in over 190 countries. For this particular audience, UNICEF is targeting adults, which leads to the purpose. UNICEF targets adults so that the adults will be more likely to adopt a child in need. The phrase that the advertisement stated is, â€Å"Every child needs a family†; therefore, theShow MoreRelatedImportance of Corporate Social Responsibility2089 Words   |  8 Pagesconglomerates in the world and enjoys presence across the globe. This paper aims at carrying out a critical analysis of the social activities that Proctor Gamble is carrying out under the banner of its campaign, Live, Learn and Thrive. Introduction As a large conglomerate, and understanding the need to become responsive towards social needs, Proctor Gamble launched a massive campaign called Live, Learn and Thrive as parts of its corporate social responsibility. While the company has launchedRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the

Is Surveillance Is Bad And Why We Should Be Wary Of It

The 21st century had brought an infinite number of technological advancements whose purpose is to make the lives of new, developed world much more manageable. These digital technologies that have revolutionized our daily lives have also created minutely detailed records of those lives. As a society, we are not quite sure why surveillance is bad and why we should be wary of it. To an extent, the answer has to something to do with privacy, but we lack an understanding of what privacy really  means in this context and why it matters. We have been able to live with this state of affairs, mostly because the threat of constant surveillance has been condemned to the idea as science fiction and a failed totalitarian state. These warnings,†¦show more content†¦Because, in the past, they did not collect very much information, they only held on to it as long as necessary. When surveillance information was expensive to collect and store, companies made do with as little as possible. In the beginning, telephone companies only collected long-distance calling information because they needed it for billing purposes. Credit cards collected only the information about their customers transactions needed for billing. Stores hardly ever collected information about their customers, maybe some personal preference surveys or the name and address for advertising purposes. Even Google, in the beginning, collected far less information about its users than it does in the present day. With the increase in technology and the cost of data becoming cheaper, they were able to save more data and for a longer time. As bigger data analysis tools became more powerful, it became profitable for companies to save even more information. Today, almost everything is being saved by someone, somewhere, most like for forever. According to Bruce Schneier, Internet companies like Google, Facebook, Amazon and Apple collect everything we do online at their sites (Schneier, Bruce). Third-party cookies allow companies like these, and many others, to collect data on us wherever we are on the Internet. Cell phones are key inShow MoreRelatedThe Usa Patriot Act : What s So Patriotic About Trampling On The Bill Of Rights?1687 Words   |  7 PagesUniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act. The major goal of this act is to combat terrorism by giving the government more leeway in what areas they are allowed to use their su rveillance tools and also to what circumstances these tools can be used. The major issue that arise with this act are the fact that many of the act can be seen as unconstitutional. In Nancy Chang’s article, USA PATRIOT Act: What’s So Patriotic About TramplingRead MoreThe Topic Of Cyberspace And Disability3133 Words   |  13 Pages2008, p.145). The idea of children’s culture is also going to be discussed within this essay. 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Structurally, this paper will first proceed to present a brief history of the War Powers Act and its intended purposeRead MoreThe Trickster of Hamelin3336 Words   |  13 PagesTraits: Unintelligent, Caring (towards villagers) The mayor was the wealthiest man in town, and was also a low born noble. He is a middle aged man garbed in clothing only a little more luxurious than the rest of the populace. He has a noticeably bad habit of letting his emotions take over him when things don’t go his way. He is pompous, greedy, and not very intelligent. However, he presents a clear worry for his town and the people. He is known to be a decent mayor, and was well liked among hisRead MoreHotel Organisation7416 Words   |  30 Pagesfacilities and services in the market while providing a good place to work for its employees and a reasonable return on investment to the owners. A hotel s mission statement should address the interests of its three main constituent groups: guests, management, and employees. 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He made contact with Beck and became involved in the July Plot where he agreed to become Chancellor in the proposed office should the plot prove successful. There were various other key figures within the Beck-Goerdeler group such as Henning von Tresckow, a general staff officer during the Second World War, and Captain Wilhelm Canaris who worked with Himmler Read MoreEthical and Social Issues in Information Systems20165 Words   |  81 PagesChapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems 127 tracked could be used for the wrong purpose. Location tracking technology had a similar impact for designer Lauren Scott’s children’s clothing business. This solution created what we call an â€Å"ethical dilemma,† pitting the legitimate need to know what drivers of school buses were doing with the fear that such information could be used to threaten individual privacy. 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Creative Writing Narrative Essay Example For Students

Creative Writing Narrative Essay Congratulations. Five syllables. One word. A million sparks of energy surge through my body sending my every nerve into a hypnotic awe. It was as though you were falling in a dream and being kicked out of it. A moment of realisation this must be just a dream, and for that reason alone I refuse to let it sink into my conscience. The world will remain a tone, a sound wave having happened to penetrate through my very existence, bouncing off the walls of my ears. Those alike to me filled their faces with confusion; a hidden envy for all that has been given to me. Each of their pupils reflects my own face. A face holding a balance of gratitude and respect, and the other an anticipation of disappointment. My role in my future has been just to wait, but after countless years of just waiting, the future grows dark and sneering, ugly and terrifying. Its laughter reverberating off the walls I have faced each and every day. The unknown becomes a scary place, when all you know becomes all you had – my own defence is the reason to my hopelessness. I cling to familiarity only to find myself alone in my own confinement. My ‘personal space’ lost its liberty many years ago. When you are handed the gateway, to an exit, the very though will literally make your stomach convulse. With every knot untied, the memories spill forward. I remember many things about life outside. I cannot let them slip. I spent my day is everything but thinking. Desperately, I attempted to keep busy. Perhaps all I needed was to remain detached and secluded. My friends began to distance themselves, readying for the very moment of finally saying goodbye. I nod as l walk through our gathering place; they nod back, dismissing my presences as a distraction from their own battles. I allow them that and feel nothing; to them I am now just like a mosquito that stings until you itch a testament to an unhomely invasion. I slept little and dreamt a lot. These were the symptoms of a troubled heart. If its disease could be captured by man and poured into a bowl of water, it will become a deep, inky blue resembling nothing but poison. Today was the day. Subconsciously, I combed my hair and made sure to stretch, preparing for the final exit. At the precise time it was planned, my name was called. I rose ever so slowly, my steps short and measured, I was concise in my movement, engulfed in so much fear of the unknown. The doors open, the slight arch of my lips and the goose bumps that penetrated my every paw, a dead give-away of the tension I felt. The screech of the cage door, at its monotonous pace, opened. My feet failed from under me, struggling to make the slightest movement – my mind responded, angry, threatening one more second trapped here and it would combust, sending me into nothingness. The aroma of grass, wet rain and worms took over my senses, and before I could control it, my body took a hold of me and I leaped, spreading my wings as wide as they could go, and finally I was soaring. Everything became a blur, a mirage intertwining as I urged to go higher. The blue skies engulfed me, and the clean crisp air of the morning brushed against my blue and green feathers – the warmth of the sun aided in illuminating the heaven-like trance I was in. Naturally, my wings flapped against the air and for a second I lose my surroundings, I come to terms with the feeling that’s pounding against my heart, the feeling of peace, of home, of freedom. I cry out, and the familiar noise of calling my friends rings true and I find myself a midst the highest branch of a tree, chatting and pushing I was finally back home amongst my kind, amongst what humans like to call us as canaries.

Looking At Child Abuse In Different Communities Social Work Essay Example

Looking At Child Abuse In Different Communities Social Work Essay Child maltreatment is an international traumatic issue. The injury of being abused physically, mentally, emotionally, or sexually as a kid can consequence an person for his or her hereafters. The effects of maltreatment are frequently extended in the mental, physical, and societal nature. Suicide, force, delinquency, drug and intoxicant maltreatment, and other signifiers of criminalism are besides child maltreatment related. Therefore, many states have set up a scheme to battle the issue. Community instruction is one of the kid maltreatment bar schemes to authorise persons including kids, communities and households to better protect kids from maltreatment and development ( Child wise 2009 ) . This paper will critically measure and analyze the kid maltreatment community instruction scheme in theory and pattern which was created by Child Wise, Australia s prima international kid protection charity working across Australia, Asia and the Pacific. It will concentrate on a community in the Northern Territory of Australia and the mark groups of the scheme are kids and households in the Tiwi Island community. However, the kid maltreatment issue is found all over the universe and the community instruction scheme which will be mentioned in this paper can certainly be applied to utilize as a basic pattern to every community in the universe where needed. The writer believes that the apprehension of community instruction scheme will pave a manner for farther betterment in pattern and finally better protection of kids from maltreatment. Understanding of the scheme s theoretical foundation We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At Child Abuse In Different Communities Social Work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At Child Abuse In Different Communities Social Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At Child Abuse In Different Communities Social Work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Harmonizing to Tomison and Wise ( 1999 ) , there are three theories that underpin the development of a holistic scheme to child maltreatment bar. First, ecological theory of child maltreatment causing, the rule of this scheme s theory is the interaction of hazard factors and protection. Thus, kids, households and communities need to understand that the possibility of kid maltreatment consequences from the combination and interaction of complex groups of factors ( National Research Council 1993 ) . Second, the acknowledgment of cardinal hazard and protective factors that influence kids, households and communities exposure to child ill-treatment. Resilience appears to be an of import protective factor which contributes to adaptive results ( Garmezy, 1993 ) . The three types of resiliency can each be of import in get the better ofing the odds, where positive results are achieved although hazard position is high, sustained competency under emphasis and kids display an ability to get by good and speedy recovery from injury, where kids function good after sing terrible injury ( Kirby A ; Fraser 1997 ) . Third, Winter ( 1999 ) points out that the acknowledgment of the importance of the local community can forestall child maltreatment by puting norms of appropriate rearing behavior, back uping parents who are under emphasis. Equally good as kids and immature people are taught norms and countenances sing acceptable societal behavior and are positively affected by the community s outlooks for kids. This is the rhythm of positive support and enhanced community life where persons and the wider societal group gain the wagess. The nexus between theories and patterns Child Wise adopted the theories of the kid maltreatment community instruction scheme to work in the Northern Territory communities. Over the past twelvemonth Child Wise facilitated a community instruction plan in the Tiwi Islands called Tayamangamiya which means regard yourself, your organic structure is sacred. The participants are all groups of people in communities ; kids, households, leader of community and working people in community. They designed a logo, T-shirts and a bag against kid maltreatment to advance this message on the island, and in peculiar to immature people about whom concerns were raised sing their exposure to sexual development every bit good as engagement in seminars which educate them about kid maltreatment. In relation to the above theoretical foundations, this plan was done by carry oning seminar and run, the plan directed at guaranting that people in communities learn more about kid maltreatment, are able to recognize cardinal hazard and protective factors of maltreatment, cognize how to react and speak to kids if they have concerns and help them to recognize that a strong community can protect kids from maltreatment ( Child wise 2009 ) . The scheme effectivity The scheme offers a scope of resources, and are complete bundles tailored to the demands of kid maltreatment bar ( Darlington et al, 2005, p.246 ) and it is most effectual when the instruction workers set up a trusting and empathic relationship with people in communities. In add-on, they assist communities to understand about the causes and effects of kid maltreatment, to construct and keep support services to child maltreatment bar and supply accomplishments of resiliency preparation ( Berry et al, 2003, p.19 ) . Another grounds of the scheme effectivity is that it focuses on persons, households and communities strengths and resiliency alternatively of their failings, reinforces bing protective factors to forestall the happening or reoccurrence of kid maltreatment. This is cardinal method to advance the developmental life accomplishments of all participants ( Centre for the Study of Social Policy, 2003, cited in FRIENDS, 2008 ) . However, this scheme would be more effectual if it combined with a scheme that specifically targets parents, such as place visiting or parent instruction plans ( Flannery et al, 2008, p.3 ) and plans that present chances for parental equal support have a positive impact on kids s cognitive results ( Layzer et al, 2001, cited in FRIENDS, 2008 ) . Ability to convey about alteration As stated at the beginning that the end of a kid maltreatment community instruction scheme is the better protection against kid maltreatment and development. It can be implied that the scheme conveying approximately better societal alteration both cognitive and active. First, people s cognition of kid maltreatment and consciousness of its incidence is increased. Second, people speak more respectfully to kids and to utilize non-physical agencies of training kids. Third, people value kids and esteem their rights and unity and protection from injury. Strategy s strengths Harmonizing to Holzer et Al ( 2006 ) , the most successful of schemes are comprised of a combination of kids, households and communities instruction schemes. The combination of intercessions of plans that included kids accomplishments preparation, perceptive retraining, kid development information, and good based services, are by and large more effectual than plans that merely concentrate on bettering kids content cognition. The purpose of scheme is strength every bit good that is to farther enhance kids, households and communities strengths and their application to all kid attention. The acceptance of the scheme in kid protection can take to a broader development in societal public assistance instead than an sole focal point on hazards and shortages ( DePanfilis A ; Wilson, 1996 cited in ) . DePanfilis and Wilson ( 1996 ) cited in Holzer et Al ( 2006 ) reference that in a figure of diverse contexts, a strengths-based position is preferred manner of pattern than others. This can be said that community instruction plans that adopted a strengths-based attack are more effectual than plans that conduct from a shortage position. A failing that may necessitate to be considered As a consequence of this integrating of community instruction scheme, many policy shapers and service suppliers seem to be satisfied about the advantages of these schemes. However, it is of import to maintain in head that the clear aim of many community plans is to construct an apprehension of kid maltreatment job and enhance kid protection instead than to cut down the prevalence of child ill-treatment ( Holzer et al, 2006 ) . It is extremely possible that in heightening kid protection, community instruction plans will cut down the prevalence of child ill-treatment. However, the schemes adopted do non peculiarly concentrate on the decrease of child ill-treatment. Therefore, this failing should be exercised when trying to deduce from the present findings to direct results refering the bar and decrease of kid ill-treatment, as this result can non be explicitly assumed. Appropriateness of scheme The community instruction scheme in this paper has two grounds for the rightness. First, cognition that is used to educate community is specific for protection in the kid abuse issue based on societal justness and human rights model related to kids. The theory building is believed to underpin the development of kids protection ( Matthew et al, 2003 ) . Second, the usage of an effectual community scheme which is associated with community credence is socially hearty and it is culturally appropriate. Furthermore, the scheme is widely accessible in the community. It is of import that barriers to accessing community instruction plans are reduced. Families from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds and households who are socially and economically disadvantaged are likely to mention themselves for this instruction. The Use of the cyberspace, CD-Rom based applications and media intercessions do non calculate big in this scheme, as all have the possible to increase the range of in tercessions to hard-to-access groups ( Matthew et al, 2003 ) . However, the cogency of the scheme would be greatly strengthened and more appropriate if betterments in kid operation were shown to be straight related to lessenings in dysfunctional parenting and additions in competent parenting variables specified by the scheme. As there is considerable grounds that learning parents positive parenting and consistent disciplinary accomplishments consequences in important betterments in kids s behavior, less coercive parenting, betterments in rearing satisfaction and efficaciousness, reduced parental depression and emphasis and lower degree of matrimonial struggle, peculiarly in parents with immature. Consideration to societal justness It is general that to turn to the household force and kid maltreatment issue, it requires concerted and supportive action between the province and district and federal degrees of authorities. It is duty for these sectors to do up the vital services, such as policing, justness and kid protection. Harmonizing to the Australia National Framework ( 2004 ) , it set up bar of kid maltreatment and household force as a national precedence which is based on the rules of ; foremost, safety where everyone has the right to be safe from household force and maltreatment. Second, partnerships where forestalling household force and kid maltreatment in households is best achieved by households, communities, community administrations and different degrees of authorities working together as spouses. Third, support where forestalling household force and kid maltreatment relies on strong leading from authoritiess and community leaders and sustainable resourcing. It is besides of import to see the strong and resilient households to forestall household force and kid maltreatment in the community as households enable people to take control of their lives, regain duty for their households and communities and to heighten single and household well-being and turn toing the cause. Successful schemes should be to forestall household force and kid maltreatment in the community by turn toing the causes of force and maltreatment, including intoxicant and drug maltreatment, generational disadvantage, poorness and unemployment. Consideration to human rights model To turn to kid abuse issue, it is necessary to see of human rights model as it is cardinal for kids to populate free from fright and force within the domestic circle ( Wilson, 2009 ) . Family or intimate maltreatment seems by and large regarded as a private matter, while human rights are deemed to be public issues. However, it is undeniable that intimate force opposes with legion human rights rules ( Levesque, 2001 ) . However, it is strongly evident that every individual civilization respects for the household s right to privateness, as a consequence, it is hard that the subject of the human rights of victims would take it up for public treatment. This absence can show the injury suffered by subsisters of intimate force. This injury has everything in common with the injury suffered in wars, businesss, civil perturbations, province anguish and maltreatment. Harmonizing to Wilson ( 2009 ) , article 19 of the Conventions of the Rights of the Child ( 1989 ) specifically deals with maltreatments perpetrated on kids by non-state histrions. In this Convention, the United Nations has recognised that household force is human rights maltreatment. It is good known that kid maltreatment causes long term and whole of life effects for subsisters and the particular to adult females are besides vulnerable to human rights maltreatment under assorted UN Conventions, to which many states are signatory including Australia. The human rights maltreatment of the kid can go on negative effects throughout the whole of a subsister s life. It is clip to take a firm stand on the legitimate topographic point in the human rights linguistic communication and civilization. Decision The kid maltreatment community instruction scheme that have mentioned underpins the development of kids protection from maltreatment in many communities in the Northern Territory in Australia. However, there are some failing that can be improved to acquire a better consequence of kid maltreatment protection and decrease. Hopefully, the analysis and rating mentioned in this paper would finally do positive development for the farther utilizing of this community instruction scheme based on societal justness and human rights model. The writer believes that human rights maltreatment is portion of our challenge to society s silencing of us.

Love Metaphors From Literature and Pop Culture

Love Metaphors From Literature and Pop Culture In literature, music, and popular culture, love is often used as a metaphor, a  trope  or  figure of speech  in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. For example, when Neil Young sings, Love is a rose, the word rose is the vehicle for the term love, the tenor. Or as Milan Kundera wrote in The Unbearable Lightness of Being, I have said before that metaphors are dangerous. Love begins with a metaphor. He might have added that love sometimes ends with a metaphor as well. Like the experience of love itself, metaphors make connections. So its no surprise that love has been imagined, examined, and remembered through a wide variety of figurative comparisons, as the quotes below show. Love as a Fruit or Plant As the collection of passages in this and the below sections demonstrate, love has been compared to everything from a plant to a truck. The metaphors in this collection are anything but conventional. Love is a fruit, in season at all times and within the reach of every hand. Anyone may gather it and no limit is set.– Mother Teresa, No Greater Love I look at you and wham, Im head over heels.I guess that love is a banana peel.I feel so bad and yet Im feeling so well.I slipped, I stumbled, I fell– Ben Weisman and Fred Wise, I Slipped, I Stumbled, I Fell, sung by Elvis Presley in the film Wild in the Country Love is a spice with many tastes- a dizzying array of textures and moments.– Wayne Knight as Newman in the final episode of Seinfeld Now that youre gone I can seeThat love is a garden if you let it go.It fades away before you know,And love is a garden- it needs help to grow.– Jewel and Shaye Smith, Love Is a Garden Love is a plant of the most tender kind,That shrinks and shakes with every ruffling wind– George Granville, The British Enchanters As a Phenomenon of Nature Washington Irving  compared love to the rosy cloud in the morning of life, but many others have likened love to various phenomena of nature from lightning to stars and fire, as the quotes in this section demonstrate. Oh, love is a journey with water and stars,with drowning air and storms of flour;love is a clash of lightnings,two bodies subdued by one honey.– Pablo Neruda, Sonnet 12 [Love] is an ever-fixed markThat looks on tempests and is never shaken;It is the star to every wandering bark,Whose worths unknown, although his height be taken.– William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116 Love is a fire.It burns everyone.It disfigures everyone.It is the worlds excusefor being ugly.– Leonard Cohen, The Energy of Slaves Loves fire, if it once goes out, is hard to kindle.– German proverb An Animal Kurt Vonnegut called love a hawk with velvet claws, but many singers, writers, authors, and figures in popular culture have compared love to various animals, including dogs, birds, and even a crocodile. Love is a dog from hell.– Charles Bukowski, Love Is a Dog From Hell Loves wing  moults  when caged and captured,Only free he soars enraptured.– Thomas Campbell, Loves Philosophy Love is a crocodile in the river of desire.– Bhartá ¹â€ºhari, Ã…Å¡atakatraya Happiness is the china shop; love is the bull.–  H.L. Mencken, A Little Book in C Major And Even a Disease Love has been compared to many things, but surprisingly, some have likened it to a disease, as the eclectic mix of quotes shows in this final section. They say it is better to travel than to arrive. Its not been my experience, at least. The journey of love has been rather a lacerating, if well-worth-it, journey.– D.H. Lawrence, Fantasia of the Unconscious Love is a truck and an open road,Somewhere to start and a place to go.– Mojave 3, Truck Driving Man They say love is a two-way street. But I dont believe it, because the one Ive been on for the last two years was a dirt road.– Terry McMillan, Waiting to Exhale Love is the master key that unlocks the gates of happiness, of hatred, of jealousy, and most easily of all, the gate of fear.– Oliver Wendell Holmes, A Moral Antipathy Love is a beggar, most importunate,Uncalled he comes and makes his dear demands– Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, Love Is a Beggar I thought love would be my cureBut now its my disease.– Alicia Keyes, Love Is My Disease Is it natural for a man to fall in love? Love is a disease and disease knows no laws.– Ivan Turgenev, Diary of a Superfluous Man

Pain Under the Left Breast Is It a Heart Attack

Pain Under the Left Breast Is It a Heart Attack SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Pain under your left breast or rib cage can be really scary, especially if you’re worried you might be having a heart attack or other medical emergency. However, most cases of chest pain under the left breast and rib cage area are caused by benign or easily treatable conditions. In this decision guide, we’ll first help you determine if your chest pain could be an emergency. Then, we’ll review different kinds of chest pain under the left breast, the potential causes, and how you should address the issue. Chest Pain Under Left Breast: Is It an Emergency? You may think: chest pain under my left breast? Time to call the ER! However, if you have pain under your left rib cage, it's unlikely, though possible, that you are experiencing a cardiac emergency. The main worry people have when experiencing pain under the left rib cage is that they are having a heart attack. While a heart attack won’t always have the same symptoms, here are some indications your pain under the left rib cage could be heart-attack related: The pain from a heart attack (or myocardial infarction) is typically not sharp or localized. Instead, it can feel like crushing, burning, squeezing, or tightness deep within the chest. It is also typically spread over a wide area of the chest (and potentially the arms, neck, and upper back). In general, you cannot relieve the pain by changing positions, breathing, stretching, etc. The pain typically increases gradually over several minutes. Here are some other potential symptoms of a heart attack: Sudden-onset vomiting or nausea Sweating or flushing Light-headedness, fatigue, or confusion Shortness of breath Tingling, numbness, weakness in arms Fever If you suspect a heart attack, call 911 or go to the emergency room. Be aware that while your primary concern may be a heart attack, there are some other medical emergencies that can also cause chest pain under the left breast. We’ll briefly go over these here. Pulmonary embolism: A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot gets lodged in one of the arteries of the lungs, typically traveling from somewhere in the legs. Major clots can be life-threatening. These are the symptoms: Shortness of breath (main symptom) Sharp chest pain under the left breast (or right breast if the clot is on the right side) that extends into the arm, shoulder, neck, and/or jaw and gets worse with breathing, coughing, or exertion Fever, sweating Light-headedness, fainting, dizziness Heart palpitations Coughing up blood or bloody sputum Pain or swelling in the leg (typically the calf) Pneumothorax: A pneumothorax, or a collapsed lung, can be caused by lung disease or chest injury, but it can also occur apparently spontaneously. While a small pneumothorax may go away on its own, a severe pneumothorax can inhibit the flow of blood through the chest and be life-threatening. The main symptoms are: Sudden, sharp chest pain on one side of the body Shortness of breath If you think any of the above emergency situations might apply to you, seek medical attention immediately. Next, here are some indications that you are probably not having a heart attack: You’re feeling a stabbing, sharp pain under the left breast You can pinpoint the location where the pain is coming from Pain increases from breathing or coughing Pain comes and goes in sudden, shocking stabs Chest pain improves with exercise Pain follows eating spicy or heavy foods; you may also have a sour taste in your mouth Changing positions relieves the pain Note that some of these symptoms may be caused by chronic cardiac conditions. So if you are experiencing pain under the left rib cage, you should make an appointment to see your primary care physician to get checked out even though you most likely don’t need to go to the emergency room. Moody doctor will see you now. Types of Pain Under Left Rib Cage Even if you feel confident it’s not an emergency, you probably want to know what could be causing chest pain under your left breast. The first thing you’ll want to consider is what type of discomfort you’re feeling. Are you feeling sharp pain under the left rib cage? Dull pain under the left breast? A stabbing or burning sensation? The type of pain you are feeling on the left side of your chest can help you narrow down the potential causes, because chest pain under the left breast can be caused by a wide array of underlying complaints. Also think about the onset of your symptoms. Was the pain preceded by physical activity? Stress? A Big meal? These kinds of questions will help you figure out what your pain might be caused by. Here’s a table describing different types of chest pain under the left rib cage and some potential conditions on the right. Click on a condition to be taken to a more in-depth description of that condition. Type of Chest Pain Potential Conditions Sharp/stabbing; worse with breathing Bruised rib Costochondritis Pleurisy Pneumonia Pneumothorax Pulled chest muscle Pulmonary embolism Sharp/stabbing; not worse with breathing Angina (especially in women) Mitral valve prolapse Myocarditis Panic attack Pericarditis Pain accompanied by uncomfortable sensation of pressure, tightness, or squeezing Angina Aortic valve stenosis Asthma Coronary artery disease Heart attack Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Severe anemia Myocarditis Pericarditis Pulmonary hypertension Pain localized to a specific area; tender to pressure Bruised rib Costochondritis Pulled chest muscle Shingles Burning chest pain Acid reflux/GERD Angina Aortic valve stenosis Coronary artery disease Heart attack Peptic ulcer Cardiac Causes of Chest Pain In this section, we’ll focus on causes of chest pain under the left breast associated with the heart. While discomfort due to heart disease often manifests as a dull pain under the left breast that feels like uncomfortable pressure, it can also be a burning or even stabbing pain depending on the condition. Conditions are listed alphabetically. Angina Angina refers to the discomfort caused when your heart muscle isn’t getting enough oxygen. It is typically caused by a narrowed or blocked coronary artery due to plaque buildup and is a warning sign of heart disease. Kind of Chest Pain: Uncomfortable feeling of squeezing or pressure; may radiate throughout the upper body to the shoulders, arms, neck/jaw, and back. Can sometimes also feel like indigestion/heartburn. Pain typically comes and goes and is often made worse by exertion. Women may also experience angina as a sharp chest pain under the left breast or breastbone. Other Symptoms: Shortness of breath Sweating Dizziness Angina symptoms may be different in women than in men. In addition to chest pain and also symptoms, a woman may also feel: Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain Actions: The pain of angina may feel very similar to that of a heart attack, and often sends people to the emergency room (better safe than sorry!). However, it’s actually a warning sign of heart disease. Your doctor will probably recommend medication to help widen the arteries, as well as lifestyle changes. You may also need a procedure like stenting or, in serious cases, coronary artery bypass surgery. Aortic Valve Stenosis Aortic valve stenosis refers to the narrowing of the aortic valve (the valve that allows oxygen-rich blood to flow from the heart into the aorta). The narrowing of the valve causes the heart to have to work harder, potentially leading to eventual heart failure. Aortic valve stenosis can be congenital or it can caused by infection or calcium deposits that form as you age. Kind of Chest Pain: Pressure or tightness. May also feel like burning. Can radiate to the arms, shoulders, and neck. Other Symptoms: Minor stenosis typically has no symptoms. If stenosis becomes more severe, chest pain on the left side under the breast and the following additional symptoms may appear: Dizziness/fainting Irregular heartbeat Fatigue and shortness of breath Actions: Minor aortic valve stenosis will be monitored by a physician, who may recommend lifestyle changes to help protect your heart. Severe stenosis may require valve replacement, an open-heart surgery. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Coronary artery disease occurs when plaque builds up in the walls of the arteries that bring blood to the heart. This causes the arteries to narrow, which limits blood flow to the heart and deprives the heart of oxygen. This can lead to heart attacks and heart failure. It is the most common type of heart disease and the most common cause of death for both men and women in the United States. It is typically related to lifestyle factors like smoking, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diet. Kind of Chest Pain: Pressure or squeezing chest pain; may also feel like burning. May radiate to the left shoulder, the arms, back, jaw, and neck. Physical exertion or stress often triggers the pain. Other Symptoms: Shortness of breath Irregular heartbeat Nausea Fatigue Dizziness Weakness Actions: CAD has serious consequences if left untreated. However, risk of complications can be lowered dramatically through lifestyle changes and medication. Surgery may also be needed to clear plaque from the arteries and restore blood flow to the heart. Mmmm, the sweet taste of lifestyle changes. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) A heart attack occurs when one of the arteries in the heart becomes completely blocked, depriving part of the heart of oxygen. Kind of Chest Pain: As mentioned above, the pain from a heart attack usually feels like a crushing, burning, squeezing, or tightness in the chest. It may radiate throughout the upper body, shoulders, arms, and neck. The pain is not really relieved or changed by shifting positions, breathing, or stretching. The pain typically increases gradually over a period of several minutes. Other Symptoms: Sudden-onset vomiting or nausea Sweating or flushing Light-headedness, fatigue, or confusion Shortness of breath Tingling, numbness, weakness in arms Fever Actions: If you are experiencing a combination of the above symptoms and suspect a heart attack, call 911 or go to the emergency room. Pharmaceutical treatment can decrease the damage done by a heart attack, but drugs typically need to be administered within 1-2 hours of the attack. You may also need bypass surgery. You will likely also need to make lifestyle changes and take medications to decrease risk of future heart attacks. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy refers to the thickening of the heart muscle, typically between the ventricles. The thickening of the muscle makes it stiffer, which makes the heart work harder to pump blood. While many people with this condition remain asymptomatic, it can lead to abnormal functioning of the valves of the heart or decrease the size of one of the ventricles, which can cause symptoms including chest pain. Kind of Chest Pain: Chest pain or pressure that appears during/after exercise or exertion, but may also occur at other times, like after meals Other Symptoms: Shortness of breath (especially during exercise/exertion) Light-headedness and fainting (especially after exercise/exertion) Heart palpitations/irregular heartbeat Fatigue Actions: See a healthcare provider, as untreated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can have serious complications. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can normally be managed with medication, but surgery may be recommended. Be aware that this condition is sometimes misdiagnosed as exercise-induced asthma. Mitral Valve Prolapse Mitral valve prolapse means that the mitral valve (one of the valves in the heart) bulges backward into the left atrium of the heart instead of closing evenly over it. Sometimes this causes blood to â€Å"leak† back from the left ventricle to the left atrium. People with mitral valve prolapse often have no symptoms, and will never experience health problems related to the condition. Some may have a murmur or other symptoms, including chest pain. It can be a progressive condition, getting worse over time. Kind of Chest Pain: Stabbing pains that come and go, sometimes with exertion but typically when at rest Other Symptoms: A heart murmur or irregular heartbeat dizziness/lightheadedness/fatigue Shortness of breath Panic/anxiety Numbness/tingling in hands/feet Actions: Serious mitral valve prolapse can have similar symptoms both to panic attacks and heart attacks, so patients may end up in the emergency room. If symptoms are more mild (heart murmur, etc) see a cardiologist. You may need medication or surgery in more serious cases to manage the condition. Dr. Frog will see you now. Myocarditis Myocarditis is the inflammation of the heart muscle, most often caused by viral infection. Symptoms normally develop 1-2 weeks after an infection. It can also be caused by fungal or parasitic infection or by autoimmune disorders. Kind of Chest Pain: Sharp/stabbing pain or feeling of pressure. May spread to shoulders/neck. Other Symptoms: Shortness of breath: first from exertion, then at night while at rest Heartbeat irregularities Light-headedness and fatigue Painful or swollen joints Other signs of infection, like fever, headache, diarrhea, and sore throat Actions: See a medical professional. They will conduct tests, and if you do have myocarditis, they will treat the underlying infection or cause and potentially prescribe medications to help your heart operate while you recover. You will likely need to rest and eat a low-salt diet. Most patients will make a full recovery in several months; a minority of patients will have chronic heart problems and may need a heart transplant. Pericarditis Pericarditis is the inflammation of the two thin, lubricated sacs of tissue that encase the heart. The cause is often unknown but it can be a complication of respiratory infection or of taking certain medications. Kind of Chest Pain: Typically a sharp, stabbing chest pain on the left side under the breastbone or on the left side of the chest, but can also manifest as a duller pain and pressure. Leaning forward in a seated position often eases the pain. Coughing typically makes it worse. Pain may spread to left shoulder or neck. Other symptoms: Fever Fatigue and weakness Shortness of breath Coughing Heart palpitations (irregular heartbeat) Actions: Like several of the other conditions described here, the pain of pericarditis may send individuals to the emergency room due to the fact that its symptoms can sometimes resemble those of a heart attack. However, pericarditis usually resolves on its own within a few weeks unless there are complications to be addressed. Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary hypertension refers to high blood pressure in the arteries that move blood from the heart to the lungs. It can have a number of causes, including genetic abnormalities, lung disease, heart disease, autoimmune conditions, drug use, and even sleep apnea. This condition causes the heart to pump harder to move blood to the lung, which can ultimately cause heart failure if untreated. Kind of Chest Pain: Pain/pressure towards the front of the chest Other Symptoms: Shortness of breath with light exertion/activity Fatigue Fainting/lightheadedness Ankle/leg swelling Dry cough Coldness in the extremities due to poor circulation (or secondary Raynaud's) Actions: Pulmonary hypertension is progressive (it gets worse over time) so seeking treatment early is important. Treatment will vary based on the cause of your pulmonary hypertension, but your doctor will likely recommend lifestyle changes and medication. In severe cases, your doctor may recommend surgery Delicious, delicious lifestyle changes. Lung and Respiratory Causes of Chest Pain In this section we’ll describe some of the main causes of chest pain on the left side due to lung or respiratory issues. Respiratory causes of chest pain often manifest as a sharp pain under the left breast. Conditions are listed alphabetically. Asthma Asthma is a chronic condition in which irritation (which can be caused by a number of triggers, depending on the type of asthma) causes the airways to narrow and fill with mucus, making breathing much more difficult. Kind of Chest Pain: You may experience chest pain before, during, or after an asthma attack. Before and during the attack, you may experience a feeling of chest tightness or pressure. Following an attack (especially the next day) you may feel soreness in your chest as a result of using accessory muscles to breathe. Other Symptoms: Coughing (especially at night) Unusual shortness of breath Wheezing Fatigue and trouble sleeping Actions: Because asthma is a chronic condition, it is important to be under the care of a physician. They will help you create a treatment plan to manage symptoms. Pleurisy Pleurisy (or pleuritis) is a condition in which the tissue encasing the lungs and lining the inner chest wall (the pleura) becomes inflamed. Pleuritis can be caused by a variety of underlying conditions but the source is often a bacterial or viral infection, like the flu. Kind of Chest Pain: Sharp pain made worse by inhaling; you may also feel pain in your shoulders or your back. Your chest may also feel tender to external pressure. Other Symptoms: Shortness of breath (primarily because taking deeper breaths is more painful). Cough Fever and chills Unexplained weight loss Actions: If you repeatedly feel sharp pain under the left breast that gets worse with breathing, see a medical professional. A variety of tests may be performed to diagnose pleurisy. Your doctor may remove some of the pleural fluid with a needle for testing. The symptoms of pleurisy may be relieved through splinting, but to treat the condition the underlying source of infection or other condition will need to be addressed. Pneumonia Pneumonia is a lung infection caused by viruses or bacteria (and sometimes fungi or other infectious agents) in which the air sacs of the lungs fill up with fluid. It can occur in one or both lungs. Because it is typically accompanied by a host of other telltale symptoms, it will probably be pretty clear to you that your chest pain is from some kind of respiratory infection. Pneumonia is often a complication of the viral flu or the common cold. Kind of Chest Pain: Sharp or stabbing, often on the side of the chest. Typically gets worse with coughing or deep breathing. Other Symptoms: Phlegmy cough; your mucus may be red-brown, green, or have blood flecks Fever and chills Shortness of breath from chest congestion. Weakness and fatigue Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Headache Confusion (common in older patients) Actions: If you think you have pneumonia, go to a doctor to manage treatment. Because pneumonia can have serious consequences if left unchecked, it’s best to be under the supervisory care of a physician. They can also prescribe antibiotics if they suspect the pneumonia is caused by a bacterial infection. With treatment, you’ll likely get better in 1-3 weeks. Bacteria bad guys can cause pneumonia. Pneumothorax (Collapsed Lung) Pneumothorax occurs when air gets into the space between the lung and chest wall, causing part or all of the lung to collapse. It can be caused by chest injury, certain medical procedures, or lung disease. But sometimes the cause is unknown. Men are much more likely to have a collapsed lung than women. Kind of Chest Pain: Sudden and sharp, on one side of the chest Other Symptoms: Shortness of breath A severe pneumothorax may cause the following symptoms: Chest tightness Dizziness and fainting Fatigue Rapid heart rate Blueish color to the skin (from lack of oxygen) Actions: While a small pneumothorax may go away on its own, a severe pneumothorax can inhibit the flow of blood through the chest and be life-threatening. If you suspect a collapsed lung, seek medical attention. Treatment typically involves inserting a tube to drain the air. Pulmonary Embolism A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot forms in another part of the body (usually the legs), travels through the bloodstream, and gets lodged in one of the arteries of the lungs. Kind of Chest Pain: Sharp chest pain that extends into the arm, shoulder, neck, and/or jaw and gets worse with breathing, coughing, or exertion Other Symptoms: Shortness of breath (main symptom) Sharp Fever, sweating Light-headedness, fainting, dizziness Heart palpitations Coughing up blood or bloody sputum Pain or swelling in the leg (typically the calf) Actions: Major clots can be life-threatening; seek medical attention. Long flights can increase your risk of blood clots. Musculoskeletal Causes of Chest Pain This section reviews pain in the left rib cage due to damage to bones, cartilage muscles, and ligaments. If your pain is musculoskeletal in origin, you’ll likely have a specific area of pain in the left rib cage or pain under the left breastbone that’s tender to pressure. A Broken, Fractured, or Bruised Rib Trauma to the chest can cause rib injury, which naturally causes chest pain. Excessive coughing can also cause rib injuries in some cases. Most rib breaks are cracks or fractures; complete breaks are rare and very serious. Kind of Chest Pain: Site-specific pain on one or more ribs (you will be able to pinpoint the general area); will most likely feel worse with pressure, with deep breathing, and when bending and/or twisting. Other Symptoms: An injured rib may impede your breathing, which can lead to headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Trauma strong enough to cause rib injuries can also sometimes damage internal organs and blood vessels, which could cause their own symptoms. Actions: If you suspect a damaged rib or ribs, see your doctor. Broken ribs are primarily treated through rest and pain management so that you can continue to breathe relatively normally to lower your risk of developing pneumonia. Costochondritis Costochondritis refers the inflammation of the cartilage that connects your ribs to your sternum (or breastbone). The cause is often unknown, but it can be caused by strenuous exercise or lifting, intense coughing, chest injury, or viral infection. Kind of Chest Pain: Typically a sharp pain in the breastbone area that gets worse when you apply pressure to the area. Pain will be increased by deep breathing or coughing and eased by rest and quiet breathing. Other Symptoms: There typically are not other symptoms of costochondritis other than the pain. Actions: This is one of the more benign causes of chest pain. Costochondritis typically goes away on its own within a few weeks. Treatment focuses on pain management. However, if you develop other symptoms like trouble breathing, a high fever, etc, you should follow up with a health care provider. Similarly, if pain does not resolve, your provider may perform a chest x-ray. Pulled or Strained Chest Muscle A strain or tear in the muscles and ligaments around the chest could be caused by a traumatic event or just from simple overuse, particularly related to sports or exercise. Kind of Chest Pain: The chest pain will likely accompany weakness and get worse with certain motions, especially of the arms. You may also feel that the area is tender to pressure. Other symptoms: Swelling Muscle spasms Actions: If pain is minor, you can treat a pulled muscle at home with ice, rest, and over-the-counter painkillers. If pain is severe or does not improve, see a doctor; you may need physical therapy or other treatment. Be careful, Santa Claus! Don't tear a muscle. Digestive System Causes of Chest Pain Issues in the digestive system can cause chest pain. Because both heart attack pain and digestive system pain can manifest as intense, burning pain under the left breast, digestive issues are often mistaken for a heart attack. However, if the pain seems impacted by your food consumption, the issue is probably digestive in nature. Acid Reflux/GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) Acid reflux occurs when stomach acids move up into the esophagus, causing pain. If this is a chronic problem, you likely have GERD- a defect in the esophagus. Kind of Chest Pain: Burning chest pain after eating that gets worse when you lie down and improves in an upright position. Often worse at night. Some people mistake the pain of severe heartburn for a heart attack. But if the pain follows eating a heavy or spicy meal or is improved by sitting upright, it’s most likely not a heart attack. You may also feel pain below the left rib cage area. Other Symptoms: Hoarseness (from vocal cord irritation) Bitter or sour taste in mouth or throat Nausea Difficulty swallowing Dry cough Actions: You can relieve occasional acid reflux by popping a couple of antacids. But a chronic issue can damage the esophagus if it's not addressed. Your doctor might prescribe a medication to reduce the amount of acid in your stomach. You will also likely need to make some lifestyle changes (especially dietary ones) to manage your symptoms. Peptic Ulcers Peptic ulcers are sores in the stomach or the first part of the small intestine. They develop when the mucosal lining of the stomach thins and gets irritated by stomach acids. A variety of underlying issues can cause ulcers, including H. Pylori infection. Kind of Chest Pain: Burning pain that gets worse on an empty stomach and at night. You may feel pain below the left rib cage. Other Symptoms: Difficulty digesting fatty foods Nausea/vomiting; vomit may look like coffee grounds Bloating Weight loss Appetite changes Dark/black stool (from bleeding) Actions: It’s important to seek medical treatment because untreated ulcers can cause serious complications like tearing in the stomach, intestine, or blood vessels, and scarring that obstructs the digestive process. This little organ can cause major chest pains. Pain Under the Left Breast: Other Causes This section has a few other potential causes of chest pain under the left rib cage. Severe Anemia Anemia means your body is not producing enough healthy blood cells. There are a number of causes of anemia, including nutrient deficiencies, genetic abnormalities (like sickle cell anemia), and rapid blood loss. This means your heart has to work harder to pump oxygen through your body. When anemia becomes severe, your heart may not get enough oxygen-rich blood, leading to chest pain. Kind of Chest Pain: Feeling of pressure or tightness in the center of chest. Other Symptoms: Intense fatigue Shortness of breath Heartbeat irregularities Persistent feelings of coldness Paleness Headaches and dizziness Trouble concentrating; irritation Actions: While mild to moderate anemia is often not very serious and is typically easily treatable with supplements and/or lifestyle changes, long-term, severe anemia can have major consequences, like heart disease. If you suspect you are anemic, see a doctor. Panic Attack Panic attacks are intense, sudden-onset anxiety episodes lasting about 20 minutes to an hour, with unpleasant physical and emotional symptoms. They can be brought on by intense stress or the cause may be unknown. Repeated panic attacks are called panic disorder. Kind of Chest Pain: Sharp/stabbing, lasting for short bursts. Pain is often directly behind the breastbone. Other Symptoms: Feeling terrified, anxious, and out-of-control Feeling of dissociation or unreality Fast heartbeat and shortness of breath Feeling of choking Shaking/trembling Sweats and/or chills Numbness, tingling Abdominal pain or nausea Dizziness, lightheadedness Weakness Actions: Many people confuse initially confuse panic attacks for heart attacks, particularly because panic attacks are so scary. However, the chest pain associated with a panic attack is typically different from a heart attack as it is sharp and intense, lasting in short bursts. If you do have a panic attack, see a doctor. They will help you figure out coping strategies should the panic recur. If you have panic disorder, you will likely to treated with some combination of therapy and medication. Shingles Shingles, or herpes zoster, is a viral infection that causes a localized, painful rash, often on the side of the chest but sometimes elsewhere. It’s caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. Anyone who has had chickenpox (or varicella) can get singles. Shingles is fairly common; about 1 in every 3 people in the US will get it at some point in their lifetime. Kind of Chest Pain: Before the shingles rash surfaces, many people feel intense pain at the infection site. Because the rash often appears on the side of the chest, many people experience a band of tight, intense chest pain on one side as the initial symptom. Other Symptoms: The main symptom of shingles is the rash itself, which, when it emerges is typically very painful. It typically blisters. Before or during the emergence of the rash, you may also experience chills, nausea, diarrhea, or stomach pain Swollen lymph nodes Headache and/or light sensitivity Fatigue Actions: If you suspect shingles, get to the doctor as soon as possible after the rash appears. Shingles is rarely life-threatening, but if you catch it early enough you’ll be able to take antiviral medication, which will shorten the course of the infection and reduce the chance of ongoing complications. Wrong kind of shingles. Pain Under Left Breast: Action Points If you’re feeling pain under your left breast, you may be worried that you’re experiencing a heart attack. The pain from a heart attack typically feels like a crushing or tight sensation. You probably won't be able to relieve the discomfort by changing positions, stretching, or breathing. If you suspect a heart attack, call 911 or go to the emergency room. However, most chest pains are not heart-attack related. If you feel a sharp pain under your left breast, it’s probably not a heart attack. With that said, you should still probably make an appointment with your doctor just to get checked out. Any kind of chest pain under the left rib cage can be a cause of an underlying chronic issue in need of treatment even if it’s not an immediate medical emergency like a heart attack. Early treatment of such chronic conditions dramatically decreases the risks of complications further down the line. In this guide, we went over most of the common causes of chest pain under the left breast to help you identify what the issue could be and what actions to take. Even if the cause of your chest pain is not serious, it’s important to consult with a medical professional. What's Next? Do you have shingles? Is shingles contagious? Here's how to treat that painful shingles rash. Need help understanding your blood pressure reading? Let us explain!

Aum Shinrikyo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Aum Shinrikyo - Research Paper Example This religious organization promotes their way of living by giving up any worldly pleasures since they believe that offering yourself solely to the organization would mean acceptance from its leader. The members of this cult are expected to focus and dedicate their lives to the Supreme Truth. Aum Shinrikyo, as portrayed by Reader (2000, p. 2), is an â€Å"introverted yet aggressive movement.† Their followers are young but highly educated ones who chose to give up their careers, belongings, and even their families. They have to give up even their identity so as to follow their blind leader who is a guru figure to them. Their followers are fascinated since they believe that their leader can levitate and can only transfer the spiritual power by way of initiation. He also added that this initiation often includes rituals which require the coming member to drink his bath of water or blood. Further, Shoko Asahara taught his followers the apocalypse is true and it will happen soon. According to Juergensmeyer (2000, p. 107), the members concluded that Aum Shinrikyo movement does not just provide them a â€Å"mystical personal experience†, but it also gave them a new social order which they consider to be a transformed egalitarian community. Hence, Aum Shinrikyo is not just a religious movement, but it is also known as an organization that practices biological and chemical weapons of mass destruction (Juergensmeyer, 2000, p. 103). Moreover, this Japanese apocalyptic cult became more popular after the tragic incident that happened in March 1995 (Tucker, 2000, p. 218). This was when the group initiated a chemical weapon of mass destruction in a subway station in Tokyo. It was considered to be the cult’s deadliest and most dangerous act after many failed attempts. The attack caused several casualties to the passengers of the five trains on three major lines, which are in the central Tokyo subway station in Kasumigaseki

Media and National Identity. What particular significance do media Assignment

Media and National Identity. What particular significance do media systems have for the construction of national identities - Assignment Example Experts have been debating for a long period about the role that media plays in the creation and promotion of national identity. The paper briefly discusses the question and examines the possibility that whether or not the sense of national identity could exist in the absence of media. In the process, the paper will start with defining the concepts and terms of â€Å"nation† and â€Å"national identity†. Discussion According to the Oxford dictionary, the concept of Nation could be defined as a â€Å"large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular state or territory† (Martin-Jones, 2006). On the other hand, the Cambridge dictionary believes that nation can be defined as â€Å"an independent country, especially when thought of as consisting of a single large group of people all sharing the same language, traditions and history† (Inthorn, 2007). One of the most important and influential ideas presented in an attempt to define nation was put forward by the French philosopher Ernest Renan in the year 1882 with his book â€Å"Qu'est-ce qu'une nation? ("What is a Nation?"). ... tion has its roots in the desire of the people to â€Å"avoir fait de grandes choses ensemble, vouloir en faire encore" (having done great things together and wishing to do more) (Dornfeld, 1998). Like the definition of nation, national identity is also a disputed and debated concept with little disagreements amongst the experts and writers. Some have rejected the existence of such a concept and they label it as fallacy or illusion for the masses created by the governments and the people in power to exert their force. This allows them to maintain the status quo and thus their position in the society (Price, 1995). As John Pilger writes about the concept of national identity that â€Å"National identity ... becomes ... the often elegant collection of images that the government (or a series of interest groups) manufactures or encourages to keep itself in power" (McCauley, Peterson, & Artz, 2003). Price (2004) believes that the concept of national identity can be defined with three di fferent models or approaches, which are instrumental, essential, and pluralistic models. The instrumental model implies that national identity is â€Å"the collection of myths, ideas, and narratives used by a dominant group or coalition to maintain power in society†. The essential model believes that the American-ness, Scottish-ness, British-ness, Russian-ness, and others have their roots in the national identities and more importantly, all of them have historical essence. Symbols, music, colors and flags are tools, which reinforce this identity, there their protection and promotion is the most important job of the public institutions (Tomlinson & Young, 2006; Martin-Jones, 2006). The pluralistic model refers to the practice in certain countries where national identity is the product of efforts of

The Scarlet Ibis Essay Example for Free

The Scarlet Ibis Essay Answer the following questions honestly and thoughtfully. Be sure to write in full sentences and completely answer each question. Save your answers in your Network folder as Scarlet Ibis Questions. 1. How did you feel at the end of the story? Elaborate and explain in detail. 2. Does Doodle and or his brother remind you of anyone real or in other stories youve read or films you might have seem? Explain why or why not. 3. Have you had any personal experiences which help you to relate to this story? Describe an example from your life or another person’s. 4. What is a caul? Why did Aunt Nicey think the caul was important? Explain and support your answer. 5. What is significant about Doodle’s interaction with the bird the scarlet ibis. Find specific quotes from the text to support your answer. 6. In what way does the narrator’s pride help and also hurt Doodle? Provide textual evidence of both from the text. 7. The author, James Hurst, grew up in the southern part of the United States. How can we tell that the story took place in the South? Use at least two quotes from the story to support your answer. 8. What literary devices does Hurst use to tell his story? How do these devices help make the story effective? Offer textual support. 9. Does the story end the way you expect it to? Why does the author choose this ending? What effect does this conclusion have on the reader? 10. How would you like to have seen the story conclude? Be specific.

At-Risk Students :: essays papers

At-Risk Students Historical Overview Overall â€Å"student performance was lower in the early 1900s than it is today, quite possibly because schools felt much less pressure than they do today to achieve equity and excellence among students† (Rossi, 1994, p.4). While many of the challenges schools encountered during the early 20th century are the same challenges in present day schools, they were not addressed back then because they were not a priority. The focus on equity and excellence that has been developed since the turn of the century is worthy of praise (Rossi, 1994, p.4). Throughout much of U.S. history, the separate and unequal schooling of diverse groups has been reinforced. Ethnicity and class have been perhaps the most obvious basis for discrimination, but other student characteristics, such as gender and disability, have also been used to separate students and place them into appropriate courses regardless of their potential or interest (Rossi, 1994). Soon, reform movements, dating back to the 19th century, to provide all students with a common and equal education that cut across differences in class, ethnicity and religion became a focus. Diversity among students including differences in culture, language and socioeconomic stance is not a new trend. The difference, however, is that today, the school system realizes that all students, including those who differ in some way from the "average" student, or those â€Å"at-risk† must be provided with an equal, opportune education (Morris, 1991). Defining Students At-Risk Sometimes, determining when students are at risk can be a difficult task. The term â€Å"at-risk† has been used to describe a particular category of students who, on the basis of several risk factors, are unlikely to graduate from high school (Land, Stringfield, 2002). Yet educators are also confronted with children who have other at-risk conditions. For example, educators will be responsible for working with students who are at risk due to health problems, substance abuse, disabilities, socioeconomic status and other various reasons. These conditions can make students academically at-risk, or in danger of not meeting their educational potential. The use of the term â€Å"at-risk† to describe learners is often controversial and deserves consideration, as the at-risk label can convey a negative connotation. Causes of At-Risk Conditions Determining the cause of at risk conditions can be helpful and can contribute to the development of reform programs. First, school conditions might actually be creating at-risk conditions. â€Å" Inappropriate instruction, competitive learning environments, ability grouping and hostile classroom environments are just a few ways schools contribute to the problem† (Muller, 2001, p.

As sophocles observes in antigone Essay

4. Awareness (Greenleaf, 2002): Able servant-leaders are usually sharply awake and reasonably disturbed from integrated holistic perspectives, yet with inner serenity (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 1 (of 7 or of 8), Being Proactive or the concept of Inside-Out, that any significant type of change in the would-be-leader must first come from within himself (Covey, 1900). 5. Persuasion (Greenleaf, 2002): Servant-leaders rely primarily on persuasion and on convincing even by way of group-building consensus, rather than through coercion or force based on the traditional authoritarian model (Greenleaf, 2002). While Gardner insists that: â€Å"Leadership is the process of persuasion or example by which an individual (or leadership team) induces a group to pursue objectives held by the leader or shared by the leader and his or her followers† (Gardner, 1990). Yukl emphatically stressed, in that: â€Å"influence is the essence of leadership† (Yukl, 2001). 6. Conceptualization (Greenleaf, 2002): Servant-leaders perform a delicate balance between thinking out a problem and facing beyond day-to-day-focused-realities approach (Greenleaf, 2002). Habit 2 (of 7 or of 8), Beginning with the End in Mind, that the would-be-leader develops his own principled-center mission statement in life with long-term goals (Covey, 1900). 7. Foresight (Greenleaf, 2002): Intuitive servant-leaders understand the lessons from the past, the realities of the present, and the likely consequence of a decision for the future (Greenleaf, 2002). Characteristic 1, They Are Continually Learning, that the would-be-leader’s perception is more than enough honed by his self-initiated desire to know it all (Covey, 1992) and similar to Characteristic 6, They See Life As An Adventure (Covey, 1992). Alfred North Whitehead strongly suggested, in that: â€Å"Every leader, to be effective, must simultaneously adhere to the symbols of change and revision and the symbols of tradition and stability† (Warren Bennis, 1995). 8. Stewardship (Greenleaf, 2002): Servant-leaders merely act as stewards or â€Å"hold men and resources in trust† for the good of all or for society, emphasizing openness and persuasion (Greenleaf, 2002), likewise very similar to Stewardship Delegation (Covey, 1900). Habit 3 (of 7 or of 8), Put First Things First, that the would-be-leader’s effectiveness lies in making sure he balances his Production (P) with his building Production Capacity PC (Covey, 1900). Also, hence, according to Covey’s classification, Stewardship is under Habit 3 (Covey, 1900). 9. Commitment to the Growth of People (Greenleaf, 2002): Servant-leaders are seriously responsible and deeply committed to the growth and nurturing of each individual worker within the institution (Greenleaf, 2002). Characteristic 2, They Are Service-Oriented, that the would-be-leader/ servant-leader regards his work as a vocation or a way of life and not as a career (Covey, 1992). Characteristic 4, They Believe In Other People, that the would-be-leader is very hopeful for the beneficial potential capacity of everyone around him (Covey, 1992) though not quite far is Habit 8, It is about Finding Your Voice and Helping Others to Find Theirs (Covey, 2006). 10. Building Community (Greenleaf, 2002): Servant-leaders selflessly give themselves for building true communities among themselves who work within given institutions (Greenleaf, 2002). Characteristic 3, They Radiate Positive Energy, that the would-be-leader despite the â€Å"drudgery† of strengthening his institution, you could still find him cheerful, pleasant, happy; his attitude optimistic, positive, upbeat; and his spirit enthusiastic, hopeful, believing. Therefore, with the above, Covey concluded, in that: â€Å"A (good) habit can be defined as the intersection of knowledge, skill and desire† (Covey, 1900). Thus, with all of the above information, Sergeant Kidd’s dictum of soldiers learning to be good leaders from good leaders (Army, 1999) could now apply even to civilian employees or even ordinary civilians as more and more people are convinced through more and more pieces of literature pointing towards that thinning gray area between military and civilian leaderships. Political leadership is what John W. Gardner in his On Leadership, espoused in that: â€Å"Men and women of the greatest integrity, character, and courage should turn to public life as a natural duty and a natural outlet for their talents† (Gardner, 1990). While under business leadership falls all the works of Covey, Bennis, Goldsmith, and Yukl; however, noteworthy are those other works by Frances Hesselbein and Retired US Army General Eric Shinseki’s BE*KNOW*DO, Leadership the Army Way (Frances Hesselbein, 2004) and Jason Santamaria, Vincent Martino, and Eric Clemons’ The Marine Corps Way: Using Maneuver Warfare to Lead a Winning Organization (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003) because they believe that the business world could benefit from their shared experiences of the military. While the civilian sector regularly and easily pirates top executives from one private company to another or among themselves, the military sector cannot do that but because the military must so promote within its own ranks is why military leadership development is that paramount according to Hesselbein and Shinseki (Frances Hesselbein, 2004). Santamaria, Martino, and Climons first laid down the premise that although business and war are entirely worlds apart, the same principles apply to them because they both thrive in very competitive environments. The authors gave 23 true-to-life civilian examples followed by explanations before proceeding to compare and contrast 23 parallel true-to-life military examples (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). Like the non-original â€Å"Servant-Leader† Greenleaf with his 6th century BCE Tao Te Ching, the non-original â€Å"Maneuver Warfare† Santamaria has his more than 2,500 years ago genius and timelessness of Sun Tzu’s work The Art of War, especially in targeting critical vulnerabilities, surprise, focus, tempo (speed), and combined arms. The authors ask if they are really â€Å"natural or universal laws of warfare†; however, because the concepts are intuitive to the greatest strategists, generals, and CEOs, the authors have endeavored to transform such intuition into a systematic problem-solving approach that â€Å"the rest of us† can clearly grasp and then apply (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). These authors interchangeably explained the 46 examples in detail the workings of the Marine Corps Way by compressing Maneuver Warfare through these not only 7, but 10 Guiding Principles which when implemented singly and shortly is very powerful, but all the more deadly when applied in subsets or as an integrated whole (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). When these situationers are examined closely, potential businesses should achieve breakthrough results (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). 1. Targeting Critical Vulnerabilities (Jason A.Santamaria, 2003): To attack and to swiftly take advantage of the competitor’s weaknesses after thoroughly studying both the allied leader’s group and the competitor’s situation (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). 2. Boldness (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003): When occasion arises to grab that opportunity to carry out calculated risks which can secure breakthrough results (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). 3. Surprise (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003): Using surreptitiousness, vagueness, and sham to confuse the competitors. And for them to outrightly disregard their knowledge of the allied leader’s group condition thereby prejudicing their capability to position well their assets against the allied leader’s group (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). 4. Focus (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003): Clustering together the allied leader’s group materiel at decisive places and times to take advantage of important favorable conditions to meet the allied leader’s group needs and objectives (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). 5. Decentralized Decision Making (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003): Designating responsible people for them to make their own judicious decisions nearest the action centers after they have timely and thoroughly assessed firsthand local information about the situation within the mission target area (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). 6. Tempo (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003): Recognizing prospective breaks, deciding, and executing plans more swiftly than opponents for the allied leader’s group to grab the upper hand and relegate the enemy to always be on the defensive and always to be confused by the allied leader’s group concerted and coordinated actions against the enemy (Jason A.Santamaria, 2003). 7. Combined Arms (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003): Timing the allied leader’s group attack in such a way that his group’s people, vehicles, equipment with pre-planned sequencing become orchestrated as only one entity; whereas, if the allied leader’s group use them singly, the effect will not be as dramatic (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). 8. Integration of Principles (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003): When measured individually, these concepts give the best results when implemented in subsets or all are treated collectively as only one whole (Jason A.Santamaria, 2003). 9. Reconnaissance Pull (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003): Reconnaissance pull is an illustration of implementing the concepts in subsets: the unintended reaction is an actual time happening to a golden chance to weaken or defeat the enemy, whereby when the possibility is afforded to the allied leader to surprise the enemy, that leader then familiarizes the greater organization towards the situation, with him assuming that leadership function in setting up and applying the attack. Reconnaissance pull covers four of maneuver warfare’s ten concepts: decentralized decision-making, targeting critical vulnerabilities, tempo, and focus (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003). 10. Full Integration (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003): Joining simultaneously all ten concepts together as one combined entity allows the person to effect the greatest outcome with much reduced cost of materiel (Jason A. Santamaria, 2003).

I Want to Be a Nurse Essay

Writing assessment Empire college offers a unique learning environment for the busy learner who may be juggling a number of roles, spouse, parent, manager, entrepreneur, volunteer, caregiver, and more. We offer a flexible learning environment, with individually designed degree programs, and opportunities to study online,face to face, or a combination of the two. In a type essay of no fewer than 300 words, please describe: 1. Your reason for applying to Empire State College. 2. Your personal and professional goals, and what topics or areas you hope to study 3. Your strengths and experiences (educational, employment, community and personal background) that will make you a successful student in our learning environment. MY LIFE STORY Life is a long journey to seek happiness and great joy! Sometimes we can successfully overcome some kind of hardships in life and sometimes we are still struggling and suffering but don’t ever be despondent. No matter how hard it is, as long as you stay persistent and self determined you will overcome those obstacles. There were so many stages on my risky challenge journey to find a happy life! To know who you are you must know where you began. My life starts in a small village in Viet Nam. Despite growing up with a privilege life full of food on the table, a warm bed to sleep in, plenty of toys†¦It is human nature to want what I don’t have-nurturing parents. My parents worked very hard to provide a better life that they never had. I and three of my brothers were grown up with unhappy childhood. We never had time to play with friends, go to the park or even get any gift on our birthday †¦.All of us had to work after school to help my parents earn more money for food and others basic shelters. When I was in the middle school I had to do all of the housework and trading in the market for foods. I believed that is why I am so independent on my life. MY name is â€Å"My† which is often misspelled and misunderstanding. But it carried a full meaning to my parents. First it means beautiful. Second it links to a country â€Å"United State of American†. When I was a kid my parents usually tell me about how wonderful American are which in . Wealthy, Independence and freedom†¦ In 1987 when I was born my parents escaped from Vietnam to United State of American to explore a new life with a standard living but they failed and I was named â€Å"My† to chase my parents dream. I and my Parents had shared about â€Å"American dream† since I was 10 years old. I always dreamed of get out of my small village to fulfill my family dream and make a better life to help my parents who had sacrifice themselves to raise us to become good persons. Even how hard they are we still go through school. I was always study very hard at school and look for a chance to study aboard in the promising land American. Time went by and even how hard my parents and I tried we still could not afford for going aboard. But I still kept thinking about this dream until one day I had got a chance to take risk to work aboard as a technician specialist named Chartered Semiconductor in Singapore. The day I left my country and my family was a gloomiest day that I never forget. I was very excited to explore about Singapore at the first time I came there. I heard that Singapore is a very high standard country. Living and working in this country I don’t have to suffer from any obstacle. But dream is always dream and when I started to work I knew that it is never easy to get what you want without skills and experiences. Things never come the way I expected. It s so much can be say for living and immersing myself in another country and multicultural. I had to face with a lot of horrible experiences at work. Especially it was so difficult for me to adjust to speak Sing-English. Co-worker made fun of my English. I was hurt like a deep wound cut inside. I was cried some nights and even I was mad at myself. But 2 weeks later I told myself not to be discouraged because I left my homeland for this and there was no excuse for me to give up. Slowly I tried to join at work, make friends and ask them whatever I didn’t understand. I found my own way to get help. I gradually created my life with a fully eye-open experience. I built a lot of intangible skills. Each situation was a stepped stone thread through to my life with so many little things teaches me independence, management, organization and the best is self-confidence. I also found my love destiny here. I met my husband at work who was a nice, thoughtful and caring Vietnamese-American. He helped and supported me during the time I was struggle and suffer at work and the new life here. Through him I had come to God and believed in God. God had leaded me the way to go further and fulfill my dreams. We married after 3 years dating. One Year later we moved to Germany because of my husband work and we stayed there for 1 year and 4 months. From this time, I was really enjoy my life. I has chances to experience plenty of new things with my flesh eyes which I had read in books and surfed on Internet. I knew more about amazing country over the world and I was so interested to learn so many things about social, history, custom, religious about Germany and European. I had built a very good relationship here. I will never forget about this wonderful period of my life. And I, now finally, am here in New York. Enjoy my second winter. My dream about American for a long time had come true. To me, New York was a far-away and strange land at the first time. I was scared and lonely for almost 3 months. I and my husband moved to New York last winter in October 2011 and we experienced 2 terrible storms then we settled up everything to get ready for a lot of plans. I could not forget the first time my husband teach me to drive. My heart was bumping and my palm was sweat. I tried to get my driver license other way I had to stay at home. And now I can I drive to library every week, found a good job, made good friends and had plenty of good relationships, and the best thing is I will be Baptism next month to become a Catholic Christian. Thanks God blessed for me onmy life. I had so many goals and I had made them come true. I was on phone with my Mum on my 27th birthday. She said she is so proud of about me that I made her happy and the most important she asked me â€Å"What are you going to do next?† Five years living aboard is such a long time, but it goes so fast. I did not let any hardship hold me back and I am going to go through another bigger goal which is go to college and I will never stop to achieve my dreams. I was interested in Health filed and I always wished to become a helpful nurse when I was very young. Being a Vietnamese girl learn English to become a nurse is my first and forehead goal I want to do in this coming year. I would love to care about people and make them happy. My motivation is 4 year college and then go to study beyond later if I have a chance because education never stop. There are a lot of things to do in this country. I still want to have a good future with a solid stepped stone in life and a loving family. I will raise my children to become a successful person. They will use my experience story as a role for them to work hard and to be successful in their lives. And I have to say my heart was burning when I found Empire State Community college. I really want to get my degree here so desperately. Empire State community college offer the course which I interested in with flexible study option and it have great faculty, also a warm and diverse community and interesting traditional according to students. I can decide how, where and when I sturdy to complete my education.That’s great. I have a long way to go but I will do my best to reach my goals. Yes! Everyone have a story-history that has made them the way they are to make a happy life! And that is who am I!

The Hertzprung-Russel Diagram essays

The Hertzprung-Russel Diagram essays Stars are born in the interstellar gas and dust clouds (nebulae) along our Galaxy's spiral arms (this being specific to our galaxy as being the birthplaces of stars) Observational evidence points to this. As some stars reach the end of their lives, they eject most of their mass creating new clouds of nebulae (most of this matter will be released in the form of planetary nebula). Thus the cycle continues and new stars are born from the death of the old. The gravitational pull between the particles in these nebulae is not enough on its own to cause the particles to coalesce into a star, otherwise nearly all of the matter in these interstellar clouds would have collapsed into stars very early on in the Universes history and no nebulas would remain. The gas pressure in these clouds is sufficient to balance the effects of gravity. Another source of energy in stars is the conversion of gravitational potential energy into heat during contraction. This is a small source of the Sun's energy. This contraction is a vital source of energy on which a star can draw at various stages in its life. So to begin the formation of stars the nebula needs some kind of external force to act upon it, such as the cloud being compressed which will bolster the gravitational pull between the particles to the point where this equilibrium can be broken. This compressing of the nebula can be caused by a density wave (compression wave.) This compressive force can also come from a supernova explosion, the gas shell expelled by this strikes nearby nebula and compresses it by a factor of ten (or greater). Many young stellar associations have been found within the expanding shells of old supernova remnants. But for the collapse of a nebula to begin it must be cooled so that the gas pressure would go down. Otherwise the Kinetic Energy which the particles have would exceed the pull of gravity amid each particle preventing them from coalescing. Wa ...

Spelling Tips Free Rein or Free Reign

Spelling Tips Free Rein or Free Reign Spelling Tips: Free Rein or Free Reign? Today, we’re looking at one of the most commonly misspelled phrases in the English language: â€Å"free rein† and â€Å"free reign.† Both spellings are common, but the original (and technically correct) version is â€Å"free rein.† So why is this one correct? And what exactly does â€Å"free rein† mean? Let’s find out. The Origins of Free Rein The phrase â€Å"free rein† dates back to the seventeenth century. We use it to mean â€Å"give someone the freedom to do or say whatever they want†: The designers were given free rein to try new ideas. On a literal level, â€Å"reins† are the straps used to guide a horse. So to give someone â€Å"free rein† is to give them freedom in the same way that holding the reins loosely gives a horse freedom to move. This is also why we use the phrase â€Å"rein in† to mean â€Å"bring something under control.† Just trying reining me in, bozo. The Confusion: Rein vs. Reign Unfortunately, â€Å"rein† sounds exactly like â€Å"reign,† so they are easy to confuse. This second term can be either a noun or a verb, but in both cases refers to the rule of a king or queen. For instance, we could say: The reign of Queen Elizabeth II has been largely peaceful. King Henry VII reigned over England from 1485 to 1509. As a result, many people think the phrase about freedom is spelled â€Å"free reign.† This almost makes sense, as you could take the phrase to mean â€Å"the freedom to behave like a monarch.† Not all kings have much freedom, of course. Some can only move one space in any direction.(Photo: Michal Jarmoluk) Nevertheless, this spelling began as an error and many still consider it to be incorrect. As such, it is always better to write â€Å"free rein.† Free Rein or Free Reign? In formal writing, idioms can help you express yourself clearly and demonstrate your command of language. As such, although â€Å"free reign† is unlikely to cause confusion, â€Å"free rein† is still the correct spelling. To remember, keep the equestrian connection in mind. You will avoid errors as long as you recall that the â€Å"reins† in â€Å"free rein† are used to steer a horse. And if you need any help with your spelling, don’t forget to ask a proofreader.

Growing Gap between Poverty and Wealth in China Essay

Growing Gap between Poverty and Wealth in China - Essay Example As the report declares rumors of the magnificent prosperity of the south and eastern provinces have reached the more isolated-and less prosperous-interior provinces. Those current farmers who would travel in order to be more prosperous themselves are often blocked at the borders of industrial growth and discouraged to proceed. This paper stresses that today, 80 to 120 million surplus rural workers are adrift between the villages and the cities, many subsisting through part-time, low-paying jobs. Everyone in China seemingly wants a share, but the industrial provinces can physically support no more drain on their existing housing and infrastructures, and they are finding themselves unable to enhance their current positions despite their economic prosperity. The gap between rich and poor in China is rapidly growing and could even threaten the country’s stability. In just 20 years, China has gone from having virtually no income gap to having one of the world's biggest. Growing wealth in cities like Shanghai has not been shared by rural areas. The country was now in a "yellow-light" zone, the second most serious indicator of "social instability", according to an official report focusing on the growing gap between rich and poor. If there are no effective solutions in the next few years, it is going to hit red-light scenario after 2010. Earlier in September, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) produced an imposing report on China's economy.

Use atleast 2 primary sources and analyze those sources that are Essay

Use atleast 2 primary sources and analyze those sources that are historical events in American history after 1900 - Essay Example When the First World War was declared in 1914, America adopted a policy of isolation and neutrality because many Americans could not believe Europe was ready to descend into greater depths in war, as depicted by the trench warfare adopted in the course of the war (Zieger 63). Even though small groups in America like American-French and American Germans supported the country’s involvement in the war, the majority of Americans favored Woodrow Wilson’s approach to remain neutral, as he needed to listen to public opinion in order to guarantee re-election in 2016 (Zieger 4). As a result, Wilson took control of foreign policy issues because the causes of war extended beyond race, as seen in the world war. America’ neutrality was based on a premise that a European war would not interfere with American interests, as trade continued unabated, but threatening America’s interest after Germany sank the Lusitania prompted America to join the war in 1917. The French, British, Germans, and Austro-Hungarians who led their nations to war after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand made many errors, but their worst miscalculation was neglect of the American factor, especially in case of a prolonged war (Zieger 104). America keenly followed rapidly unfolding events in the international arena and seized the opportunity to influence the war transformed international arena positively in its favor by declaring war on Germany in 1917 after the sinking of Lusitania. America exploited its neutrality not only to facilitate trade in the international arena in the event of war, but also to strategize to take the glory of the war and challenge Western hegemony, and the Zimmerman note provided an opportunity for America to prepare for full-scale war in 1918 (Zieger 160). The Zimmerman letter was a telegram sent by Arthur Zimmermann, German